Provas – VaiConcursos

Matemática Logaritmos — Propriedades e Progressões

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Sabendo que S = log₂ a + log₂ 2a + log₂ 4a + ⋯ + log₂ 1024a, calcule a de modo a obter S = 121 e assinale a opção correta.

Resolução comentada

Os termos formam uma PA: S = 55 + 11·log₂a, que dá a = 64.

Os termos são log₂(2^k·a) = k + log₂a, para k = 0 até 10, ou seja, 11 termos. A soma é (0+1+...+10) + 11·log₂a = 55 + 11·log₂a. Igualando a 121, temos 11·log₂a = 66, então log₂a = 6 e a = 64.

Análise das alternativas

Os outros valores dariam log₂a = 0, 8, 10 ou 11, resultando em S = 55, 143, 165 ou 176, e não 121.

Referência: Logaritmos e progressão aritmética.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Matemática Integrais — Funções Trigonométricas

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Sabendo que:
I = ∫ cos(1537x) cos(487x) dx,
W = ∫ sen(1499x) sen(525x) dx e
Z = ∫ [cos(974x) − cos(1050x)] dx,
simplifique a expressão I − W + Z/2 e assinale a opção correta.

Selecione uma alternativa A) −2024 sen(2024x) + c B) 2024 sen(2024x) + c C) 2024 cos(2024x) + c D) cos (2024x)/2024 + c E) sen (2024x)/2024

Resolução comentada

Pelas fórmulas de prostaférese, a expressão se reduz a ∫cos(2024x)dx = sen(2024x)/2024.

Usando cos a·cos b = ½[cos(a−b)+cos(a+b)], temos I = ½∫[cos(1050x)+cos(2024x)]. Usando sen a·sen b = ½[cos(a−b)−cos(a+b)], temos W = ½∫[cos(974x)−cos(2024x)]. Z/2 = ½∫[cos(974x)−cos(1050x)]. Somando I − W + Z/2, os termos cos(1050x) e cos(974x) se cancelam e sobra ∫cos(2024x)dx = sen(2024x)/2024.

Análise das alternativas

A, B e C trazem coeficientes ou funções que não resultam da integral de cos(2024x). D troca seno por cosseno. Só E está correta (a constante de integração foi omitida no gabarito).

Referência: Cálculo integral e identidades de produto em soma.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Vocabulário — Sinonímia

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
TEXT I

Read the text below and answer questions 23 to 27.

Wind-powered cargo ships with sail-like ‘wings’ could reduce fuel use by 30%

[1] A cargo ship with a difference is set to dock at the Polish port of Gdynia early next week.

[2] The Pyxis Ocean, a bulk carrier that is 229 meters long and 32 meters wide, looks like any other dry cargo vessel — but with a big difference: it is fitted with two large, rigid sails known as WindWings.

[3] These 37.5-meter-tall wings use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing so reduce the amount of fuel it uses in an effort to cut carbon — shipping accounts for nearly 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

[4] The ship set sail from Shanghai, China, on Aug. 1, with around 20 crew onboard, and the voyage took it to Paranagua, Brazil, in September before it set sail for the Spanish island of Tenerife, and then on to Poland. The wings were folded down when the ship docked at ports on the journey.

[5] The WindWings were added to the six-year-old vessel with the aim of cutting fuel use by about 20% on the voyage, according to Jan Dieleman, president of Cargill Ocean Transportation, which chartered the Pyxis Ocean.

Net zero goals

[6] Cargill’s calculations suggest that WindWings could contribute to around a 30% reduction in fossil fuel consumption when three wings are installed on a new ship — but if that vessel is powered with a biofuel, that figure could go up to 50%, Dieleman said.

[7] In July, the maritime industry agreed to reduce emissions to net zero “by or around” 2050, but given the size and complexity of the sector, issues such as a lack of green fuels could cause delays.

[8] “Wind is not going to get us to zero — unless we’re all willing to switch off the engines and go back in time... But what we’re trying to do here with this specific technology is somehow combine the best of both worlds, still have reliability [with an engine], but reduce significantly the fuel usage,” Dieleman told CNBC by video call.

[9] Biofuels such as green methanol and green ammonia are more costly than fossil fuels, and it’s not simply a case of switching one for another: methanol has about half the energy density of hydrocarbons so need larger tanks, for example.

[10] “If you can reduce the volume [of fuel] you have another gain, [in] that you don’t have to put your ship all full of tanks instead of cargo capacity,” Dieleman said.

[11] “I do get very excited with the combination of wind plus the new fuels, because new fuels [are] three, four times more expensive, then [by adding wind power] your payback is probably going to be two, three years instead of 10 years,” he added. This might encourage more ship owners to participate in schemes like this, because they are potentially more financially rewarding and less risky, Dieleman said.

[12] Cargill has ordered five methanol-powered bulk carrier vessels, the first of which was ordered in 2022, before the WindWings were tested at sea. Once the wings’ performance has been evaluated, Cargill hopes to work with the shipyard building the new vessels to add WindWings to their design.

[13] The WindWings are not suitable for all vessels: it wouldn’t be possible to install them on a cargo ship that carries large containers that are many layers tall, for example. Bulk carriers like the Pyxis Ocean store their goods — such as grain — inside their cavities, below deck.

[14] The WindWings were developed by Cargill with naval architect Bar Technologies, and produced by Yara Marine Technologies, while the Pyxis Ocean is owned by Mitsubishi Corporation.

[15] “This is a prime example, I think, of where people come together, and really genuinely [are] willing to make a difference, taking some risk. We have an owner that is letting us cut big holes in the ship — that is not what every owner in the world is willing to do,” Dieleman said.

(Adapted from https://www.cnbc.com)

Glossary
- “Net zero” refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas that is produced and the amount that is removed from the atmosphere.

The verb “dock” in the sentence “A cargo ship with a difference is set to d̲o̲c̲k̲ at the Polish port of Gdynia early next week.” (paragraph 1) is equivalent in meaning to:

Resolução comentada

'Dock' equivale a 'arrive' (chegar ao porto).

'Dock' significa atracar, isto é, chegar ao porto. A frase diz que o navio vai atracar em Gdynia na semana seguinte, o que equivale a 'arrive'.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'start' é começar. B) 'sink' é afundar. C) 'set off' e D) 'leave' significam partir, o oposto de chegar.

Referência: Vocabulário: dock.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
TEXT I

Read the text below and answer questions 23 to 27.

Wind-powered cargo ships with sail-like ‘wings’ could reduce fuel use by 30%

[1] A cargo ship with a difference is set to dock at the Polish port of Gdynia early next week.

[2] The Pyxis Ocean, a bulk carrier that is 229 meters long and 32 meters wide, looks like any other dry cargo vessel — but with a big difference: it is fitted with two large, rigid sails known as WindWings.

[3] These 37.5-meter-tall wings use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing so reduce the amount of fuel it uses in an effort to cut carbon — shipping accounts for nearly 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

[4] The ship set sail from Shanghai, China, on Aug. 1, with around 20 crew onboard, and the voyage took it to Paranagua, Brazil, in September before it set sail for the Spanish island of Tenerife, and then on to Poland. The wings were folded down when the ship docked at ports on the journey.

[5] The WindWings were added to the six-year-old vessel with the aim of cutting fuel use by about 20% on the voyage, according to Jan Dieleman, president of Cargill Ocean Transportation, which chartered the Pyxis Ocean.

Net zero goals

[6] Cargill’s calculations suggest that WindWings could contribute to around a 30% reduction in fossil fuel consumption when three wings are installed on a new ship — but if that vessel is powered with a biofuel, that figure could go up to 50%, Dieleman said.

[7] In July, the maritime industry agreed to reduce emissions to net zero “by or around” 2050, but given the size and complexity of the sector, issues such as a lack of green fuels could cause delays.

[8] “Wind is not going to get us to zero — unless we’re all willing to switch off the engines and go back in time... But what we’re trying to do here with this specific technology is somehow combine the best of both worlds, still have reliability [with an engine], but reduce significantly the fuel usage,” Dieleman told CNBC by video call.

[9] Biofuels such as green methanol and green ammonia are more costly than fossil fuels, and it’s not simply a case of switching one for another: methanol has about half the energy density of hydrocarbons so need larger tanks, for example.

[10] “If you can reduce the volume [of fuel] you have another gain, [in] that you don’t have to put your ship all full of tanks instead of cargo capacity,” Dieleman said.

[11] “I do get very excited with the combination of wind plus the new fuels, because new fuels [are] three, four times more expensive, then [by adding wind power] your payback is probably going to be two, three years instead of 10 years,” he added. This might encourage more ship owners to participate in schemes like this, because they are potentially more financially rewarding and less risky, Dieleman said.

[12] Cargill has ordered five methanol-powered bulk carrier vessels, the first of which was ordered in 2022, before the WindWings were tested at sea. Once the wings’ performance has been evaluated, Cargill hopes to work with the shipyard building the new vessels to add WindWings to their design.

[13] The WindWings are not suitable for all vessels: it wouldn’t be possible to install them on a cargo ship that carries large containers that are many layers tall, for example. Bulk carriers like the Pyxis Ocean store their goods — such as grain — inside their cavities, below deck.

[14] The WindWings were developed by Cargill with naval architect Bar Technologies, and produced by Yara Marine Technologies, while the Pyxis Ocean is owned by Mitsubishi Corporation.

[15] “This is a prime example, I think, of where people come together, and really genuinely [are] willing to make a difference, taking some risk. We have an owner that is letting us cut big holes in the ship — that is not what every owner in the world is willing to do,” Dieleman said.

(Adapted from https://www.cnbc.com)

Glossary
- “Net zero” refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas that is produced and the amount that is removed from the atmosphere.

Which option is correct according to text I?

Selecione uma alternativa A) Jan Dieleman recommends that shipping companies should switch off the engines of ships and go back in time in order to obtain net zero emissions. B) The present use of biofuels alone only brings advantages to shipping companies. C) Although new fuels are more expensive and may have lower energy density, ships that use them together with wind power may be more financially rewarding. D) The fossil fuel industry is a promising activity which has been attracting ship owners in spite of the financial risks involved. E) Cargill intends to buy ships of all kinds and add WindWings to them.

Resolução comentada

Combustíveis novos e vento juntos podem ser mais vantajosos financeiramente.

O parágrafo 11 diz que, com a combinação de vento e novos combustíveis, o retorno do investimento pode cair de 10 para 2 ou 3 anos. Isso torna a combinação financeiramente mais compensadora, apesar do custo maior e da menor densidade energética dos combustíveis.

Análise das alternativas

A) Dieleman usa a expressão como ironia: o vento sozinho não leva a zero. B) Os biocombustíveis são mais caros, então não trazem só vantagens. D) O texto não fala em indústria de combustíveis fósseis como atividade promissora. E) A Cargill pretende adicionar as asas aos navios novos que encomendou, e o texto diz que não servem para todos os navios.

Referência: Texto I, parágrafos 8 a 13.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Referência Textual — Elementos Coesivos

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
TEXT I

Read the text below and answer questions 23 to 27.

Wind-powered cargo ships with sail-like ‘wings’ could reduce fuel use by 30%

[1] A cargo ship with a difference is set to dock at the Polish port of Gdynia early next week.

[2] The Pyxis Ocean, a bulk carrier that is 229 meters long and 32 meters wide, looks like any other dry cargo vessel — but with a big difference: it is fitted with two large, rigid sails known as WindWings.

[3] These 37.5-meter-tall wings use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing so reduce the amount of fuel it uses in an effort to cut carbon — shipping accounts for nearly 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

[4] The ship set sail from Shanghai, China, on Aug. 1, with around 20 crew onboard, and the voyage took it to Paranagua, Brazil, in September before it set sail for the Spanish island of Tenerife, and then on to Poland. The wings were folded down when the ship docked at ports on the journey.

[5] The WindWings were added to the six-year-old vessel with the aim of cutting fuel use by about 20% on the voyage, according to Jan Dieleman, president of Cargill Ocean Transportation, which chartered the Pyxis Ocean.

Net zero goals

[6] Cargill’s calculations suggest that WindWings could contribute to around a 30% reduction in fossil fuel consumption when three wings are installed on a new ship — but if that vessel is powered with a biofuel, that figure could go up to 50%, Dieleman said.

[7] In July, the maritime industry agreed to reduce emissions to net zero “by or around” 2050, but given the size and complexity of the sector, issues such as a lack of green fuels could cause delays.

[8] “Wind is not going to get us to zero — unless we’re all willing to switch off the engines and go back in time... But what we’re trying to do here with this specific technology is somehow combine the best of both worlds, still have reliability [with an engine], but reduce significantly the fuel usage,” Dieleman told CNBC by video call.

[9] Biofuels such as green methanol and green ammonia are more costly than fossil fuels, and it’s not simply a case of switching one for another: methanol has about half the energy density of hydrocarbons so need larger tanks, for example.

[10] “If you can reduce the volume [of fuel] you have another gain, [in] that you don’t have to put your ship all full of tanks instead of cargo capacity,” Dieleman said.

[11] “I do get very excited with the combination of wind plus the new fuels, because new fuels [are] three, four times more expensive, then [by adding wind power] your payback is probably going to be two, three years instead of 10 years,” he added. This might encourage more ship owners to participate in schemes like this, because they are potentially more financially rewarding and less risky, Dieleman said.

[12] Cargill has ordered five methanol-powered bulk carrier vessels, the first of which was ordered in 2022, before the WindWings were tested at sea. Once the wings’ performance has been evaluated, Cargill hopes to work with the shipyard building the new vessels to add WindWings to their design.

[13] The WindWings are not suitable for all vessels: it wouldn’t be possible to install them on a cargo ship that carries large containers that are many layers tall, for example. Bulk carriers like the Pyxis Ocean store their goods — such as grain — inside their cavities, below deck.

[14] The WindWings were developed by Cargill with naval architect Bar Technologies, and produced by Yara Marine Technologies, while the Pyxis Ocean is owned by Mitsubishi Corporation.

[15] “This is a prime example, I think, of where people come together, and really genuinely [are] willing to make a difference, taking some risk. We have an owner that is letting us cut big holes in the ship — that is not what every owner in the world is willing to do,” Dieleman said.

(Adapted from https://www.cnbc.com)

Glossary
- “Net zero” refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas that is produced and the amount that is removed from the atmosphere.

The word “so” in the sentence “These 37.5-meter-tall wings use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing s̲o̲ reduce [...]” (paragraph 3) refers to:

Selecione uma alternativa A) “is 229 meters long and 32 meters wide” (paragraph 2). B) “use wind power to help propel the vessel” (paragraph 3). C) “looks like any other dry cargo vessel” (paragraph 2). D) “reduce the amount of fuel it uses in an effort to cut carbon” (paragraph 3). E) “accounts for nearly 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions” (paragraph 3).

Resolução comentada

'So' retoma a ação 'use wind power to help propel the vessel'.

Em 'use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing so reduce...', a expressão 'in doing so' retoma a ação que acabou de ser mencionada. Ela se refere a usar a força do vento para ajudar a propulsão do navio, e é essa ação que reduz o combustível.

Análise das alternativas

A) e C) descrevem características físicas do navio, não a ação. D) é o que vem depois de 'so', portanto o resultado, e não o referente. E) é uma informação sobre emissões, sem relação com 'doing so'.

Referência: Referência textual: 'in doing so'.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Vocabulário — Sinonímia

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
TEXT I

Read the text below and answer questions 23 to 27.

Wind-powered cargo ships with sail-like ‘wings’ could reduce fuel use by 30%

[1] A cargo ship with a difference is set to dock at the Polish port of Gdynia early next week.

[2] The Pyxis Ocean, a bulk carrier that is 229 meters long and 32 meters wide, looks like any other dry cargo vessel — but with a big difference: it is fitted with two large, rigid sails known as WindWings.

[3] These 37.5-meter-tall wings use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing so reduce the amount of fuel it uses in an effort to cut carbon — shipping accounts for nearly 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

[4] The ship set sail from Shanghai, China, on Aug. 1, with around 20 crew onboard, and the voyage took it to Paranagua, Brazil, in September before it set sail for the Spanish island of Tenerife, and then on to Poland. The wings were folded down when the ship docked at ports on the journey.

[5] The WindWings were added to the six-year-old vessel with the aim of cutting fuel use by about 20% on the voyage, according to Jan Dieleman, president of Cargill Ocean Transportation, which chartered the Pyxis Ocean.

Net zero goals

[6] Cargill’s calculations suggest that WindWings could contribute to around a 30% reduction in fossil fuel consumption when three wings are installed on a new ship — but if that vessel is powered with a biofuel, that figure could go up to 50%, Dieleman said.

[7] In July, the maritime industry agreed to reduce emissions to net zero “by or around” 2050, but given the size and complexity of the sector, issues such as a lack of green fuels could cause delays.

[8] “Wind is not going to get us to zero — unless we’re all willing to switch off the engines and go back in time... But what we’re trying to do here with this specific technology is somehow combine the best of both worlds, still have reliability [with an engine], but reduce significantly the fuel usage,” Dieleman told CNBC by video call.

[9] Biofuels such as green methanol and green ammonia are more costly than fossil fuels, and it’s not simply a case of switching one for another: methanol has about half the energy density of hydrocarbons so need larger tanks, for example.

[10] “If you can reduce the volume [of fuel] you have another gain, [in] that you don’t have to put your ship all full of tanks instead of cargo capacity,” Dieleman said.

[11] “I do get very excited with the combination of wind plus the new fuels, because new fuels [are] three, four times more expensive, then [by adding wind power] your payback is probably going to be two, three years instead of 10 years,” he added. This might encourage more ship owners to participate in schemes like this, because they are potentially more financially rewarding and less risky, Dieleman said.

[12] Cargill has ordered five methanol-powered bulk carrier vessels, the first of which was ordered in 2022, before the WindWings were tested at sea. Once the wings’ performance has been evaluated, Cargill hopes to work with the shipyard building the new vessels to add WindWings to their design.

[13] The WindWings are not suitable for all vessels: it wouldn’t be possible to install them on a cargo ship that carries large containers that are many layers tall, for example. Bulk carriers like the Pyxis Ocean store their goods — such as grain — inside their cavities, below deck.

[14] The WindWings were developed by Cargill with naval architect Bar Technologies, and produced by Yara Marine Technologies, while the Pyxis Ocean is owned by Mitsubishi Corporation.

[15] “This is a prime example, I think, of where people come together, and really genuinely [are] willing to make a difference, taking some risk. We have an owner that is letting us cut big holes in the ship — that is not what every owner in the world is willing to do,” Dieleman said.

(Adapted from https://www.cnbc.com)

Glossary
- “Net zero” refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas that is produced and the amount that is removed from the atmosphere.

The phrase “set sail” (paragraph 4) is equivalent in meaning to:

Resolução comentada

'Set sail' equivale a 'departed'.

'Set sail' significa partir em viagem de navio. No contexto, 'The ship set sail from Shanghai' equivale a 'The ship departed from Shanghai'.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'flew' é voar. B) 'boarded' é embarcar. D) 'fitted' é equipar ou instalar. E) 'reduced' é reduzir.

Referência: Vocabulário: set sail.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
TEXT I

Read the text below and answer questions 23 to 27.

Wind-powered cargo ships with sail-like ‘wings’ could reduce fuel use by 30%

[1] A cargo ship with a difference is set to dock at the Polish port of Gdynia early next week.

[2] The Pyxis Ocean, a bulk carrier that is 229 meters long and 32 meters wide, looks like any other dry cargo vessel — but with a big difference: it is fitted with two large, rigid sails known as WindWings.

[3] These 37.5-meter-tall wings use wind power to help propel the vessel and in doing so reduce the amount of fuel it uses in an effort to cut carbon — shipping accounts for nearly 3% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

[4] The ship set sail from Shanghai, China, on Aug. 1, with around 20 crew onboard, and the voyage took it to Paranagua, Brazil, in September before it set sail for the Spanish island of Tenerife, and then on to Poland. The wings were folded down when the ship docked at ports on the journey.

[5] The WindWings were added to the six-year-old vessel with the aim of cutting fuel use by about 20% on the voyage, according to Jan Dieleman, president of Cargill Ocean Transportation, which chartered the Pyxis Ocean.

Net zero goals

[6] Cargill’s calculations suggest that WindWings could contribute to around a 30% reduction in fossil fuel consumption when three wings are installed on a new ship — but if that vessel is powered with a biofuel, that figure could go up to 50%, Dieleman said.

[7] In July, the maritime industry agreed to reduce emissions to net zero “by or around” 2050, but given the size and complexity of the sector, issues such as a lack of green fuels could cause delays.

[8] “Wind is not going to get us to zero — unless we’re all willing to switch off the engines and go back in time... But what we’re trying to do here with this specific technology is somehow combine the best of both worlds, still have reliability [with an engine], but reduce significantly the fuel usage,” Dieleman told CNBC by video call.

[9] Biofuels such as green methanol and green ammonia are more costly than fossil fuels, and it’s not simply a case of switching one for another: methanol has about half the energy density of hydrocarbons so need larger tanks, for example.

[10] “If you can reduce the volume [of fuel] you have another gain, [in] that you don’t have to put your ship all full of tanks instead of cargo capacity,” Dieleman said.

[11] “I do get very excited with the combination of wind plus the new fuels, because new fuels [are] three, four times more expensive, then [by adding wind power] your payback is probably going to be two, three years instead of 10 years,” he added. This might encourage more ship owners to participate in schemes like this, because they are potentially more financially rewarding and less risky, Dieleman said.

[12] Cargill has ordered five methanol-powered bulk carrier vessels, the first of which was ordered in 2022, before the WindWings were tested at sea. Once the wings’ performance has been evaluated, Cargill hopes to work with the shipyard building the new vessels to add WindWings to their design.

[13] The WindWings are not suitable for all vessels: it wouldn’t be possible to install them on a cargo ship that carries large containers that are many layers tall, for example. Bulk carriers like the Pyxis Ocean store their goods — such as grain — inside their cavities, below deck.

[14] The WindWings were developed by Cargill with naval architect Bar Technologies, and produced by Yara Marine Technologies, while the Pyxis Ocean is owned by Mitsubishi Corporation.

[15] “This is a prime example, I think, of where people come together, and really genuinely [are] willing to make a difference, taking some risk. We have an owner that is letting us cut big holes in the ship — that is not what every owner in the world is willing to do,” Dieleman said.

(Adapted from https://www.cnbc.com)

Glossary
- “Net zero” refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas that is produced and the amount that is removed from the atmosphere.

According to text I:

Selecione uma alternativa A) the Pyxis Ocean is a brand new ship which was fitted with two WindWings with the purpose of consuming approximately 20% less fuel. B) the Pyxis Ocean is an old ship which was fitted with three WindWings with the purpose of consuming approximately 20% less fuel. C) the greenhouse gas emissions in the world are heavily caused by the shipping industry. D) ships that have three WindWings and use biofuel may consume 50% less in fuel. E) ships that have three WindWings and use biofuel will consume up to 30% less in fuel.

Resolução comentada

Com três WindWings e biocombustível, a redução pode chegar a 50%.

No parágrafo 6, a Cargill calcula cerca de 30% de redução com três asas em um navio novo, podendo chegar a 50% se ele usar biocombustível. Por isso a alternativa D está correta.

Análise das alternativas

A) O Pyxis Ocean tem seis anos, não é novo. B) Ele tem duas asas, não três. C) O texto diz que o transporte marítimo responde por cerca de 3% das emissões, o que não é 'fortemente'. E) 30% é a redução sem biocombustível; com ele, pode chegar a 50%.

Referência: Texto I, parágrafos 2, 3, 5 e 6.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Texto-base:
TEXT II

Read the text below and answer questions 28 and 29.

Why We’re Spending So Much Money

[1] My credit card seldom leaves my wallet anymore. But that doesn’t matter. In the two weeks before I wrote this story, I spent more than $4,000 on my card without laying eyes on it.

[2] Each of these transactions was made online, where my card number is stored by Uber or Walmart or Google Chrome. That’s probably why I didn’t feel embarrassed when I spent $333 on groceries for a weekend with friends, or $48.34 on a pizza through Uber Eats, or even $1,533 for an Airbnb. Without having to type in my card number, the pain of the purchase was softened.

[3] Frictionless transactions are common in today’s economy — you can wave your cell near a cash register, press “buy” on Amazon without really knowing which credit card you’re charging, and send money to a stranger via your phone without having met them in person.

[4] There are, of course, some reasons why people are spending a lot of money right now. But there’s one additional factor that has changed since the beginning of the pandemic: people are more accustomed to using financial technology to pay for things, which eliminates barriers that might have once slowed their spending. “Convenience makes it much easier to enjoy the process of shopping, removing the additional difficulties of buying things,” says Yuqian Xu, a professor at UNC’s Kenan-Flagler Business School who has studied frictionless payment methods. Research shows that the more frictionless the payment method, the more money people spend.

[5] Paying with a mobile phone is faster than using a credit card — it takes an average of 29 seconds versus 40, according to Xu, the UNC professor. That speed and convenience accelerates spending, Xu and her colleagues found in a July 2023 study that tracked spending after the launch of Alipay, a mobile payment service. It indicated that credit card transaction amounts increased by 9.4% once people could use a mobile device, while the frequency of transactions increased by 10.7%.

[6] The result is a cycle of tech adoption that has loosened customers’ wallets. Once consumers started using mobile payments, they became more comfortable with making credit-card payments on their computers, and started moving more money digitally. And once they were comfortable spending money digitally, they started spending more money overall.

[7] Economists refer to the way people organize and spend their money as mental accounting. Humans are often irrational with the way they choose to spend and save money — splurging with a $100 bill found on the sidewalk while saving every penny of their salary, for instance.

[8] Mental accounting is a big reason people spend more with frictionless payments. Consumers think of new apps like Apple Pay as a separate budget category that enables new spending, says Michael Gelman, a finance professor at the University of Delaware. In an experiment, Gelman tracked the behavior of consumers who had received a random credit card in the mail. While those consumers’ spending behavior on their old credit cards remained the same, they started to splurge on their new one, dropping 26% more than people who had not received a new card. “Once you open a new budget category, you manage it separately,” he says. “It can have an effect on total consumption: you consume more because you have the opportunity.”

[9] But many American consumers are spending beyond their means. Household debt reached a record $17.5 trillion in the fourth quarter of 2023, and has increased by $3.4 trillion since the end of 2019, according to data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Credit card debt has “passed a milestone,” says Michele Raneri, head of U.S. research and consulting at TransUnion.

[10] That’s partly because people have a hard time keeping track of all the places they’re spending money, credit counselors say. The rise of digital payment systems like Apple Pay “creates this scattered universe of different payment options that can lead to overspending and financial instability.” says Bruce McClary, senior vice president at the National Foundation for Credit Counseling.

(Adapted from https://time.com)

According to text II:

Selecione uma alternativa A) the use of mobile phones for online shopping leads to people feeling more comfortable and, consequently, more conscious of their payments. B) nowadays there are no more barriers that prevent people from spending all their money. C) the use of mobile devices for buying things online has led to an increase in people’s spending money. D) the technologies used in frictionless transactions allow people to video message strangers whenever they ask for money. E) the convenience of mobile payments has made it easier for people to save money.

Resolução comentada

O uso de dispositivos móveis para comprar online aumentou os gastos.

O texto cita que o valor das transações no cartão de crédito aumentou 9,4% e a frequência 10,7% quando as pessoas passaram a usar o celular. Isso sustenta que o uso de dispositivos móveis levou a mais gastos.

Análise das alternativas

A) O texto não fala em pessoas mais conscientes, e sim em gastar mais. B) O texto diz que as barreiras foram reduzidas, não que não existam mais. D) O texto fala em enviar dinheiro a desconhecidos, não em videomensagens. E) A conveniência facilita gastar, não poupar.

Referência: Texto II, parágrafos 4 a 6.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Texto-base:
TEXT II

Read the text below and answer questions 28 and 29.

Why We’re Spending So Much Money

[1] My credit card seldom leaves my wallet anymore. But that doesn’t matter. In the two weeks before I wrote this story, I spent more than $4,000 on my card without laying eyes on it.

[2] Each of these transactions was made online, where my card number is stored by Uber or Walmart or Google Chrome. That’s probably why I didn’t feel embarrassed when I spent $333 on groceries for a weekend with friends, or $48.34 on a pizza through Uber Eats, or even $1,533 for an Airbnb. Without having to type in my card number, the pain of the purchase was softened.

[3] Frictionless transactions are common in today’s economy — you can wave your cell near a cash register, press “buy” on Amazon without really knowing which credit card you’re charging, and send money to a stranger via your phone without having met them in person.

[4] There are, of course, some reasons why people are spending a lot of money right now. But there’s one additional factor that has changed since the beginning of the pandemic: people are more accustomed to using financial technology to pay for things, which eliminates barriers that might have once slowed their spending. “Convenience makes it much easier to enjoy the process of shopping, removing the additional difficulties of buying things,” says Yuqian Xu, a professor at UNC’s Kenan-Flagler Business School who has studied frictionless payment methods. Research shows that the more frictionless the payment method, the more money people spend.

[5] Paying with a mobile phone is faster than using a credit card — it takes an average of 29 seconds versus 40, according to Xu, the UNC professor. That speed and convenience accelerates spending, Xu and her colleagues found in a July 2023 study that tracked spending after the launch of Alipay, a mobile payment service. It indicated that credit card transaction amounts increased by 9.4% once people could use a mobile device, while the frequency of transactions increased by 10.7%.

[6] The result is a cycle of tech adoption that has loosened customers’ wallets. Once consumers started using mobile payments, they became more comfortable with making credit-card payments on their computers, and started moving more money digitally. And once they were comfortable spending money digitally, they started spending more money overall.

[7] Economists refer to the way people organize and spend their money as mental accounting. Humans are often irrational with the way they choose to spend and save money — splurging with a $100 bill found on the sidewalk while saving every penny of their salary, for instance.

[8] Mental accounting is a big reason people spend more with frictionless payments. Consumers think of new apps like Apple Pay as a separate budget category that enables new spending, says Michael Gelman, a finance professor at the University of Delaware. In an experiment, Gelman tracked the behavior of consumers who had received a random credit card in the mail. While those consumers’ spending behavior on their old credit cards remained the same, they started to splurge on their new one, dropping 26% more than people who had not received a new card. “Once you open a new budget category, you manage it separately,” he says. “It can have an effect on total consumption: you consume more because you have the opportunity.”

[9] But many American consumers are spending beyond their means. Household debt reached a record $17.5 trillion in the fourth quarter of 2023, and has increased by $3.4 trillion since the end of 2019, according to data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Credit card debt has “passed a milestone,” says Michele Raneri, head of U.S. research and consulting at TransUnion.

[10] That’s partly because people have a hard time keeping track of all the places they’re spending money, credit counselors say. The rise of digital payment systems like Apple Pay “creates this scattered universe of different payment options that can lead to overspending and financial instability.” says Bruce McClary, senior vice president at the National Foundation for Credit Counseling.

(Adapted from https://time.com)

Because of their mental accounting, the general public often associates frictionless payments with:

Selecione uma alternativa A) American consumers’ behavior. B) buying less. C) throwing away their old credit cards. D) a separate budget category. E) saving more money.

Resolução comentada

Pelo contabilidade mental, o público associa pagamentos sem atrito a uma categoria de orçamento separada.

O parágrafo 8 diz que 'Consumers think of new apps like Apple Pay as a separate budget category that enables new spending'. Essa é a associação feita pela contabilidade mental, e por isso a resposta é D.

Análise das alternativas

A) O comportamento dos consumidores americanos é um tema do texto, mas não é aquilo a que os pagamentos são associados. B) e E) O texto diz o contrário: as pessoas gastam mais, não menos nem poupam mais. C) Nada no texto fala em jogar fora cartões antigos; o comportamento nos cartões antigos permanece o mesmo.

Referência: Texto II, parágrafo 8.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Adjetivos — Graus Comparativo e Superlativo

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Mark the option that is grammatically correct.

Selecione uma alternativa A) Africa is more larger than Europe. B) Mexico isn’t as larger as Brazil. C) Europe isn’t the more populous continent in the world. D) Argentina is least populous then Brazil. E) Asia is the largest continent in the world.

Resolução comentada

Só a alternativa E usa o superlativo corretamente.

'Asia is the largest continent in the world' forma o superlativo regular de 'large' com 'the + largest'. As outras alternativas têm erros de comparativo ou superlativo.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'more larger' é comparativo duplo, o correto é 'larger'. B) Em 'as ... as' usa-se o adjetivo no grau normal: 'as large as'. C) O superlativo de 'populous' é 'the most populous'. D) Seria 'less populous than'; 'least' é superlativo e 'then' não é 'than'.

Referência: Comparatives and superlatives.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Verbos — Gerúndio e Infinitivo

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Analyze the sentences below.

I- The attendant refused to help me yesterday.
II- They expect arriving there in an hour.
III- You should to avoid drinking cold water.
IV- I always forget to lock the door.
V- We enjoyed visiting the museum last month.

Choose the correct option.

Selecione uma alternativa A) Only I, II and III are grammatically correct. B) Only II, III and IV are grammatically correct. C) Only III and IV are grammatically correct. D) Only I, IV and V are grammatically correct. E) Only II and V are grammatically correct.

Resolução comentada

Estão corretas I, IV e V.

I: 'refuse' é seguido de infinitivo com 'to' (correto). IV: 'forget to lock' (infinitivo) está correto. V: 'enjoy' é seguido de gerúndio (correto). II e III estão erradas.

Análise das alternativas

II está errada: 'expect' é seguido de infinitivo ('expect to arrive'), não de gerúndio. III está errada: 'should' é seguido de verbo sem 'to'. Logo, as opções A, B, C e E incluem sentenças incorretas.

Referência: Gerund and infinitive patterns.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Orações Condicionais

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Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Mark the option that is grammatically correct.

Selecione uma alternativa A) The passengers would survive the accident if they wear life jackets. B) Unless my train is late, I’d arrive early. C) Unless they’ll follow the appropriate procedures, a fire breaks out. D) Oil floats if you pour it on water. E) If the engine stops, the ship would drift.

Resolução comentada

'Oil floats if you pour it on water' é uma condicional zero (verdade geral).

A condicional zero usa presente simples nas duas orações para fatos gerais. É o caso de 'Oil floats if you pour it on water'. As demais alternativas misturam estruturas de forma incorreta.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'would survive' exige 'wore' no 'if' (type 2). B) 'Unless... is late' no presente não combina com 'I'd arrive'. C) 'Unless they'll follow' é incorreto, pois não se usa 'will' após 'unless'. E) 'If the engine stops' (presente) não combina com 'would drift'.

Referência: Conditional sentences (zero, first e second).

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Tempos Verbais

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Which option completes the text below correctly?

My husband and I ______ at the airport last Thursday when we ______ that we ______ our passports at home. Fortunately, we ______ very early at the airport so we ______ time to go back home. We ______ our passports, ______ back to the airport and could finally ______ the plane.

Selecione uma alternativa A) checked in / had realized / were leaving / arrived / have had / get / hurry / gotten on B) was checking in / realized / had left / had arrived / have had / got / hurry / get on C) were checking in / realized / had left / had arrived / had / got / hurried / get on D) was checking in / had realized / left / arrived / had / gotten / had hurried / got on E) were checking in / had realized / left / arrived / had / gotten / hurried / got on

Resolução comentada

A sequência correta mistura passado contínuo, passado simples e past perfect.

'My husband and I' pede 'were checking in' (ação em andamento no passado), interrompida por 'realized' (passado simples). 'Had left' e 'had arrived' indicam ações anteriores a essa percepção, e 'had time' e 'got to' seguem o passado simples. Depois vêm 'hurried' (passado) e 'could finally get on' (infinitivo sem 'to' após o modal 'could').

Análise das alternativas

A) 'checked in' e 'have had' não se encaixam na sequência de tempos. B) 'was checking in' não concorda com o sujeito plural, e 'have had' e 'hurry' estão errados. D) 'was checking in' está errado, e 'had hurried' e 'got on' após 'could' também. E) 'had realized' e 'left' invertem a ordem dos fatos, e 'gotten' é forma inadequada.

Referência: Verb tenses: past continuous, simple past e past perfect.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Question Tags

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Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Mark the option that is grammatically correct.

Selecione uma alternativa A) You’re Peter Jackson, don’t you? B) The class finishes before lunch, doesn’t it? C) The animals in the zoo are fed twice a day, didn’t they? D) You can’t speak French, could you? E) Let’s go out, have we?

Resolução comentada

A question tag deve inverter a polaridade e repetir o auxiliar ou verbo da oração principal.

Em 'The class finishes before lunch', o verbo está no presente simples, afirmativo e na 3ª pessoa do singular. A tag correta é negativa, com 'does': 'doesn't it?'.

Análise das alternativas

A) Deveria ser 'aren't you?', pois o verbo é 'to be'. C) A frase está no presente (passiva), então a tag deveria ser 'aren't they?'. D) A frase é negativa, então a tag deveria ser afirmativa: 'can you?'. E) Depois de 'Let's', a tag correta é 'shall we?'.

Referência: Question tags.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Conectivos

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Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Read the text below.

Sleep hygiene is one of the factors that can help to boost muscle recovery. Most of the body recuperation takes place during sleep. According to a study, lack of sleep can reduce muscle growth and lead to muscle loss.
Also, a single sleepless night can affect your performance during an exercise or a workout. ______, you should ensure that you sleep well to get the most out of your training. Make sure you sleep up to seven hours every night. Sleeping for eight to nine hours is preferable if you engage in a rigorous workout.

(Adapted from https://www.briancolemd.com)

Which option completes the text correctly?

Resolução comentada

A frase pede um conectivo de conclusão: 'Therefore'.

O texto afirma que dormir mal prejudica o desempenho e, em seguida, recomenda dormir bem. A segunda ideia é consequência da primeira, então o conectivo de conclusão 'Therefore' (portanto) é o adequado.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'Despite' indica concessão e é seguido de substantivo ou gerúndio. B) 'Although' indica concessão. C) 'Because' indica causa e não se encaixa antes de uma oração de recomendação. D) 'As though' significa 'como se', o que não faz sentido no contexto.

Referência: Linking words: conclusão e consequência.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Phrasal Verbs

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Which option completes the sentence below correctly?

After ______ an ankle injury, the runner won a gold medal.

Selecione uma alternativa A) getting over B) staying up C) switching on D) eating out E) writing down

Resolução comentada

'Getting over' significa recuperar-se de uma lesão.

O phrasal verb 'get over' significa superar ou recuperar-se de uma doença ou lesão. Depois de 'After', o verbo vem no gerúndio: 'After getting over an ankle injury, the runner won a gold medal.'

Análise das alternativas

B) 'stay up' é ficar acordado. C) 'switch on' é ligar um aparelho. D) 'eat out' é comer fora. E) 'write down' é anotar. Nenhum desses combina com 'an ankle injury'.

Referência: Phrasal verbs: get over.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Pronomes Interrogativos — Perguntas no Passado

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Choose the correct option to complete the dialogue below.

Captain: ______ you join the Navy?
Sailor: Two years ago, sir.

Resolução comentada

A resposta 'Two years ago' indica a pergunta 'When did you join...?'.

A resposta é um momento no passado (há dois anos), então a pergunta pede o tempo: 'When'. O verbo 'join' é um verbo de ação, por isso o passado interrogativo usa o auxiliar 'did' mais o verbo no infinitivo: 'When did you join the Navy?'.

Análise das alternativas

B) 'were you join' é incorreto: 'were' não é auxiliar de 'join'. C) 'Where' pergunta o lugar, mas a resposta dá um tempo. D e E) 'How long' pergunta duração e pediria uma resposta do tipo 'for two years'; além disso, 'was/were you join' é agramatical.

Referência: Question words (wh-questions) e passado simples interrogativo.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Voz Passiva

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Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Which sentence is grammatically INCORRECT?

Selecione uma alternativa A) The ship will be launched soon. B) Ships used to been build of wood. C) Nowadays ships are made of steel. D) The ship was bought by our company. E) Our ship is being painted now.

Resolução comentada

Voz passiva com 'used to': a forma correta é 'used to be built'.

'Used to' é seguido do verbo no infinitivo, e na passiva isso dá 'used to be + particípio'. A alternativa B traz 'used to been build', com 'been' no lugar de 'be' e 'build' no lugar do particípio 'built'. Por isso é a única incorreta.

Análise das alternativas

A) Correta: will be + particípio (launched). C) Correta: are made, passiva no presente simples. D) Correta: was bought by, passiva no passado simples. E) Correta: is being painted, passiva no presente contínuo.

Referência: Gramática da língua inglesa: voz passiva e 'used to'.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Quantificadores

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Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Which option completes the sentence below correctly?

As it was a cold day, ______ people were on the deck of the ship.

Resolução comentada

Quantificador para substantivo contável plural, com sentido de escassez.

'People' é contável plural, e o dia frio explica a presença de poucas pessoas no convés. Por isso 'few' é o quantificador adequado.

Análise das alternativas

B) Errada: 'much' é usado com não contáveis. C) Errada: 'a lot' exigiria 'of' ('a lot of people') e contrariaria a ideia de frio. D) Errada: 'none' é pronome e não pode vir antes de 'people' sem 'of'. E) Errada: 'a little' é usado com não contáveis.

Referência: Quantificadores: few, little, much, many.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Pronomes Pessoais e Possessivos

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2024 Médio

Marinha do Brasil — Escola Naval · Admissão à Escola Naval (CPAEN) · Caderno Amarela

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Mark the option in which the underlined words are correctly used.

Selecione uma alternativa A) Mr. Adams, h̲i̲s̲ lawyer and t̲h̲e̲i̲r̲ friends spent a week in Paris last month. The city is famous for i̲t̲’̲s̲ fashion, food and culture. All of t̲h̲e̲y̲ had a great time there. B) Mr. Adams, h̲e̲r̲ lawyer and t̲h̲e̲i̲r̲s̲ friends spent a week in Paris last month. The city is famous for i̲t̲s̲ fashion, food and culture. All of t̲h̲e̲i̲r̲ had a great time there. C) Mr. Adams, h̲i̲m̲ lawyer and t̲h̲e̲i̲r̲ friends spent a week in Paris last month. The city is famous for h̲e̲r̲ fashion, food and culture. All of t̲h̲e̲y̲ had a great time there. D) Mr. Adams, h̲i̲s̲ lawyer and t̲h̲e̲i̲r̲ friends spent a week in Paris last month. The city is famous for i̲t̲s̲ fashion, food and culture. All of t̲h̲e̲m̲ had a great time there. E) Mr. Adams, h̲e̲r̲ lawyer and t̲h̲e̲i̲r̲s̲ friends spent a week in Paris last month. The city is famous for i̲t̲’̲s̲ fashion, food and culture. All of t̲h̲e̲m̲ had a great time there.

Resolução comentada

Uso correto de pronomes possessivos e pessoais.

Mr. Adams é homem, logo 'his lawyer'. Antes de substantivo usa-se o possessivo adjetivo 'their friends'. O possessivo de 'city' é 'its' (sem apóstrofo). Depois da preposição 'of' usa-se o pronome oblíquo: 'All of them'.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: 'it's' é contração de 'it is', e 'All of they' é incorreto. B) Errada: 'her' não concorda com Mr. Adams, 'theirs' não pode vir antes de substantivo e 'All of their' é incorreto. C) Errada: 'him lawyer' é incorreto, 'her fashion' não vale para city e 'of they' é incorreto. E) Errada: 'her', 'theirs' e 'it's' estão incorretos.

Referência: Gramática da língua inglesa: pronomes pessoais e possessivos.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.