← Voltar para a lista de provas Marinha do Brasil · Oficial dos Quadros Complementares (CP-QC-CA-FN) — Biologia 51 questões nesta prova · página 1 de 3 · 48 com gabarito Gabarito disponível Gabarito disponível V, V, F, V. 1) V: o texto diz que é a corrente mais forte e que é 5 vezes mais forte que a Corrente do Golfo e mais de 100 vezes mais que o Amazonas. 2) V: ela mantém a água quente afastada, protegendo as plataformas de gelo, e funciona como barreira a espécies invasoras. 3) F: ela conecta os oceanos Pacífico, Atlântico e Índico, não apenas Pacífico e Índico. 4) V: o texto destaca que as consequências são profundas e que a corrente tem papel crucial no ecossistema antártico. A, C, D e E divergem de V-V-F-V ao marcar como falsa a 2ª ou a 4ª, ou como verdadeira a 3ª ou como falsa a 1ª. Referência: Text I (BBC Future, 03/2025). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Gabarito disponível Uso incorreto de modal: 'May you follow...?' para pedir algo/perguntar sobre dever. Em C, 'May you follow the present legislation?' soa errado: 'may' em pergunta se usa para pedir permissão ('May I...?'), e não para perguntar sobre a obrigação do interlocutor (seria 'Must/Should you...?' ou 'Do you...?'). As demais usam os modais de forma adequada. A: 'should' indica expectativa. B: 'might' indica possibilidade. D: 'should' expressa probabilidade/expectativa, como no texto. E: 'couldn't' indica incapacidade ou impossibilidade no passado. Referência: Gramática da língua inglesa – verbos modais. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Questão anulada Gabarito disponível 'Whether' expressa incerteza (se...ou não). 'Whether' introduz uma oração que expressa dúvida sobre duas possibilidades. Em 'HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be effective', a ideia é de incerteza quanto à eficácia da técnica. A (conclusão) seria 'therefore'. B (resultado) seria 'so'. C (tempo) seria 'when' ou 'while'. D (contraste) seria 'but' ou 'however'. Referência: Gramática da língua inglesa – conjunções. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Condicional do tipo 1: if + presente, will + verbo. 'If approved..., the mission will launch' equivale a 'If the council approves the mission, it will launch'. Forma-se a condicional de tipo 1 com if + presente simples na oração condicional e will + verbo na principal. B usa 'would' após if, o que é incorreto. C usa passado após if com will na principal, mistura de tipos. D mistura presente com 'would launched', forma errada. E usa 'will' após if e 'would have been launched', combinação inadequada. Referência: Gramática da língua inglesa – orações condicionais. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Paráfrase em voz passiva simples no passado. 'The spacecraft used the planet's gravity' está no passado simples ativo. A passiva correspondente leva o objeto como sujeito e 'was used by': 'The planet's gravity was used by the spacecraft to get a kick'. A está no presente contínuo passivo, tempo diferente. C e D mudam o sentido do texto. E usa 'for the spacecraft to get', estrutura que altera a relação de agente da frase original, em vez de manter 'by the spacecraft'. Referência: Gramática da língua inglesa – voz passiva. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível O objetivo principal da HERA era investigar o local da colisão histórica de asteroide. O texto abre dizendo que a nave, 'on the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision', passou por Marte. A missão visa descobrir o impacto da sonda da NASA sobre o asteroide, e as imagens de Deimos foram um evento secundário no caminho. A: as imagens de Deimos foram uma oportunidade durante o trajeto. B: Apophis será alvo da missão Ramses, não da HERA. D: testar instrumentos foi aproveitamento da passagem por Marte. E: Dimorphos é o asteroide onde ocorreu a colisão, mas a opção C expressa o objetivo geral descrito. Referência: Texto II (VOA News, 13/03/2025). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Anticorpos monoclonais são produzidos por hibridomas: fusão de linfócito B específico com célula tumoral imortal. Pela técnica de Köhler e Milstein, funde-se um linfócito B produtor de anticorpo específico com uma célula de mieloma, originando o hibridoma, que é imortal e secreta o anticorpo monoclonal. O enunciado usa 'célula B tumoral', o que corresponde a esse mieloma. A: monoclonais têm especificidade única, reconhecendo um único epítopo. B: anticorpos murinos são imunogênicos e causam reações adversas, daí a humanização. D: a produção em biorreatores é complexa e cara. E: a engenharia genética produz anticorpos quiméricos, humanizados e humanos com eficiência. Referência: Imunologia – tecnologia de hibridomas (Köhler e Milstein). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Biofilmes permitem comunicação e coordenação por quorum sensing. Nos biofilmes, as células se comunicam por moléculas sinalizadoras e regulam coletivamente a expressão gênica, o que é o quorum sensing. É uma característica típica dessas comunidades. A: o biofilme forma matriz de polímeros extracelulares, não membrana lipídica extra. B: o biofilme aumenta a proteção contra antibióticos. C: ele aumenta a resistência à fagocitose. E: a transferência gênica no biofilme ocorre por conjugação, transformação e transdução, não por eletroporação. Referência: Microbiologia – biofilmes e quorum sensing. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Metabolômica (V, conforme gabarito), transcriptômica (F) e proteômica (V). A proteômica estuda o conjunto de proteínas da célula, então é verdadeira. A transcriptômica estuda os transcritos (RNAs), não os genomas de amostras ambientais (isso é metagenômica), então é falsa. A primeira afirmativa é considerada verdadeira pelo gabarito, em sentido amplo, ao associar o metabolismo celular a proteínas e vias enzimáticas, embora a metabolômica estude propriamente os metabólitos. A, B, C e E não correspondem ao gabarito (V, F, V): A e E erram a proteômica, B erra a primeira, C erra a segunda. Referência: Biologia molecular – ciências ômicas. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Modo de transmissão, dose infectante e eliminação do agente são critérios de análise de risco. A análise de risco considera, entre outros, a virulência, o modo de transmissão, a estabilidade do agente, a concentração e o volume, a origem, a dose infectante, a manipulação do agente, a eficácia de medidas profiláticas, a disponibilidade de tratamento e a eliminação do agente. A alternativa C reúne apenas critérios válidos. A: relações intraespecíficas não são critério. B: mutualismo não é critério. D: natureza do agente químico e relações intraespecíficas não são critérios. E: o mutualismo não é critério. Referência: Ministério da Saúde. Classificação de Risco dos Agentes Biológicos. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível A penicilina inibe a ligação cruzada final do peptideoglicano, enfraquecendo a parede e causando lise. Os beta-lactâmicos, como a penicilina, inibem as transpeptidases (PBPs) que fazem a ligação cruzada final das fileiras de peptideoglicano. A parede enfraquecida não suporta a pressão osmótica, e a célula sofre lise por ruptura da membrana plasmática. A: a anfotericina B é antifúngico que atua em ergosterol, e a lise bacteriana não é apoptose. B: a vancomicina atua no peptideoglicano (D-Ala-D-Ala), não em lipopolissacarídeos, e o processo é lise, não necrose. D: a vancomicina não atua em ácidos teicoicos, e o termo autofagia não se aplica. E: a penicilina atua no peptideoglicano, não em aminoácidos livres, e bactérias não sofrem apoptose. Referência: Microbiologia – mecanismo de ação dos antibióticos beta-lactâmicos. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Agente que causa infecção, com propagação limitada e profilaxia/terapia eficazes, é de classe de risco 2. A classe de risco 2 reúne agentes que provocam infecções no homem ou nos animais, com potencial limitado de propagação na comunidade e no ambiente, e para os quais há medidas profiláticas e terapêuticas eficazes. A descrição do enunciado é exatamente essa. A (classe 1): baixo risco individual e coletivo, sem doença em indivíduos sadios. C (classe 3): risco individual elevado, com capacidade de transmissão e nem sempre com tratamento eficaz. D (classe 4): risco individual e coletivo elevados, sem tratamento eficaz. E (classe 5, especial): agentes como os que causam doenças exóticas ou de risco especial, e não corresponde a esta descrição. Referência: Ministério da Saúde. Classificação de Risco dos Agentes Biológicos. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Microscopia óptica usa luz visível. O microscópio óptico (de luz) emprega luz visível e lentes de vidro para formar a imagem. Os que usam feixe de elétrons são os eletrônicos. A, B e C são técnicas ou variações específicas (ultravioleta, fluorescência e laser confocal), não a definição geral. E é microscopia eletrônica, que não é óptica. Referência: Microbiologia – princípios de microscopia. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Meio complexo tem composição química não totalmente definida, com muitas substâncias desconhecidas. Meios complexos usam extratos, peptonas ou infusões (como extrato de carne ou de levedura), cuja composição exata não é conhecida. Isso se encaixa na descrição de A, que é o gabarito oficial. B: o meio de enriquecimento recebe nutrientes adicionais para favorecer um grupo específico, ao contrário do descrito. C: o meio sintético (definido) tem composição conhecida em todos os componentes, inclusive os micronutrientes. D: a definição dada é a do meio seletivo, e o diferencial distingue microrganismos pelo aspecto ou reação. E: a definição dada é a do meio diferencial, e o seletivo favorece o crescimento de alguns e inibe outros. Referência: Microbiologia geral – meios de cultura (Madigan; Tortora). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos favorece, e não desestimula, populações resistentes. A questão pede a INCORRETA. O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos exerce pressão seletiva que elimina os sensíveis e favorece a multiplicação de microrganismos resistentes. Dizer que ele os desestimula é falso. A, B, C e D são fatores reconhecidos de emergência de doenças: recombinação genética gerando novas linhagens, mudanças climáticas que ampliam vetores e reservatórios, transporte moderno que dissemina doenças e falhas de saúde pública que permitem a reemergência de infecções controladas. Referência: Microbiologia – doenças infecciosas emergentes e reemergentes. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível A ligação antígeno-anticorpo é não covalente e reversível, podendo ser desfeita por sal em alta concentração ou pH extremo. A interação se faz por forças não covalentes (ligações de hidrogênio, forças eletrostáticas, van der Waals e hidrofóbicas) e, portanto, é reversível. Altas concentrações de sal ou pH extremo a rompem, o que se usa, por exemplo, na cromatografia de afinidade. A: os segmentos do anticorpo são unidos por região flexível (dobradiça), não inflexível. C: a molécula de anticorpo básica tem dois sítios idênticos de ligação (IgG), e não ao menos quatro. D: a classe é definida pela cadeia pesada, não pela leve. E: a região variável (V) liga o antígeno, e as funções efetoras são da região constante (Fc). Referência: Janeway – Imunobiologia; Abbas – Imunologia Celular e Molecular. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.Marinha do Brasil — CP-QC-CA-FN/2025 — Biologia — Prova Amarela
TEXT I
The world's strongest ocean current should be getting faster - instead, it is at risk of failing.
Antarctica's remote and mysterious current has a profound influence on the climate, food systems and Antarctic ecosystems. Can we stop it weakening by 2050? The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest ocean current on the planet. It's five times stronger than the Gulf Stream and more than 100 times stronger than the Amazon River. It forms part of the global ocean "conveyor belt" connecting the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. The system regulates Earth's climate and pumps water, heat and nutrients around the globe. But fresh, cool water from melting Antarctic ice is diluting the salty water of the ocean, potentially disrupting the vital ocean current.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is like a moat around the icy continent. The current helps to keep warm water at bay, protecting vulnerable ice sheets. It also acts as a barrier to invasive species such as southern bull kelp and any animals hitching a ride on these rafts, spreading them out as they drift towards the continent. It also plays a big part in regulating the Earth's climate.
The influence of climate change:
Ocean currents respond to changes in temperature, salt levels, wind patterns and sea ice extent. So the global ocean conveyor belt is vulnerable to climate change on multiple fronts. Previous research suggested one vital part of this conveyor belt could be headed for a catastrophic collapse. Theoretically, warming water around Antarctica should speed up the current. This is because density changes and winds around Antarctica dictate the strength of the current. Warm water is less dense (or heavy) and this should be enough to speed up the current.
Far-reaching consequences:
The consequences of a weaker Antarctic Circumpolar Current are profound and far-reaching. As the main current that circulates nutrient-rich waters around Antarctica, it plays a crucial role in the Antarctic ecosystem. Weakening of the current could reduce biodiversity and decrease the productivity of fisheries that many coastal communities rely on. It could also aid the entry of invasive species such as southern bull kelp to Antarctica, disrupting local ecosystems and food webs.
(Adapted from: www.bbcnews/fuure/article/20250303-the-worlds-strongest-ocean-current-is-at-risck)
According to the excerpt below, mark the correct conjunction that can be replaced for another, without changing the meaning of the text.
TEXT I
The world's strongest ocean current should be getting faster - instead, it is at risk of failing.
Antarctica's remote and mysterious current has a profound influence on the climate, food systems and Antarctic ecosystems. Can we stop it weakening by 2050? The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest ocean current on the planet. It's five times stronger than the Gulf Stream and more than 100 times stronger than the Amazon River. It forms part of the global ocean "conveyor belt" connecting the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. The system regulates Earth's climate and pumps water, heat and nutrients around the globe. But fresh, cool water from melting Antarctic ice is diluting the salty water of the ocean, potentially disrupting the vital ocean current.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is like a moat around the icy continent. The current helps to keep warm water at bay, protecting vulnerable ice sheets. It also acts as a barrier to invasive species such as southern bull kelp and any animals hitching a ride on these rafts, spreading them out as they drift towards the continent. It also plays a big part in regulating the Earth's climate.
The influence of climate change:
Ocean currents respond to changes in temperature, salt levels, wind patterns and sea ice extent. So the global ocean conveyor belt is vulnerable to climate change on multiple fronts. Previous research suggested one vital part of this conveyor belt could be headed for a catastrophic collapse. Theoretically, warming water around Antarctica should speed up the current. This is because density changes and winds around Antarctica dictate the strength of the current. Warm water is less dense (or heavy) and this should be enough to speed up the current.
Far-reaching consequences:
The consequences of a weaker Antarctic Circumpolar Current are profound and far-reaching. As the main current that circulates nutrient-rich waters around Antarctica, it plays a crucial role in the Antarctic ecosystem. Weakening of the current could reduce biodiversity and decrease the productivity of fisheries that many coastal communities rely on. It could also aid the entry of invasive species such as southern bull kelp to Antarctica, disrupting local ecosystems and food webs.
(Adapted from: www.bbcnews/fuure/article/20250303-the-worlds-strongest-ocean-current-is-at-risck)
Read the excerpts about the Text I and establish if the statements are true or false and mark the correct answer.
( ) The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest on the planet and it's stronger than the Gulf Stream and the Amazon River.
( ) The current helps to keep warm water at bay, protecting even vulnerable ice sheets, as also acts as a kind of barrier to invasive species.
( ) It forms part of the global ocean "conveyor belt" a specie of continuous movement and connecting only Pacific and Indian oceans.
( ) There is a complex concern about the consequences of a weaker Antarctic Circumpolar Current, because it plays a crucial role in the Antarctic ecosystem.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
TEXT I
The world's strongest ocean current should be getting faster - instead, it is at risk of failing.
Antarctica's remote and mysterious current has a profound influence on the climate, food systems and Antarctic ecosystems. Can we stop it weakening by 2050? The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest ocean current on the planet. It's five times stronger than the Gulf Stream and more than 100 times stronger than the Amazon River. It forms part of the global ocean "conveyor belt" connecting the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. The system regulates Earth's climate and pumps water, heat and nutrients around the globe. But fresh, cool water from melting Antarctic ice is diluting the salty water of the ocean, potentially disrupting the vital ocean current.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is like a moat around the icy continent. The current helps to keep warm water at bay, protecting vulnerable ice sheets. It also acts as a barrier to invasive species such as southern bull kelp and any animals hitching a ride on these rafts, spreading them out as they drift towards the continent. It also plays a big part in regulating the Earth's climate.
The influence of climate change:
Ocean currents respond to changes in temperature, salt levels, wind patterns and sea ice extent. So the global ocean conveyor belt is vulnerable to climate change on multiple fronts. Previous research suggested one vital part of this conveyor belt could be headed for a catastrophic collapse. Theoretically, warming water around Antarctica should speed up the current. This is because density changes and winds around Antarctica dictate the strength of the current. Warm water is less dense (or heavy) and this should be enough to speed up the current.
Far-reaching consequences:
The consequences of a weaker Antarctic Circumpolar Current are profound and far-reaching. As the main current that circulates nutrient-rich waters around Antarctica, it plays a crucial role in the Antarctic ecosystem. Weakening of the current could reduce biodiversity and decrease the productivity of fisheries that many coastal communities rely on. It could also aid the entry of invasive species such as southern bull kelp to Antarctica, disrupting local ecosystems and food webs.
(Adapted from: www.bbcnews/fuure/article/20250303-the-worlds-strongest-ocean-current-is-at-risck)
Mark the statement which presents the correct use of prepositions.
TEXT I
The world's strongest ocean current should be getting faster - instead, it is at risk of failing.
Antarctica's remote and mysterious current has a profound influence on the climate, food systems and Antarctic ecosystems. Can we stop it weakening by 2050? The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest ocean current on the planet. It's five times stronger than the Gulf Stream and more than 100 times stronger than the Amazon River. It forms part of the global ocean "conveyor belt" connecting the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. The system regulates Earth's climate and pumps water, heat and nutrients around the globe. But fresh, cool water from melting Antarctic ice is diluting the salty water of the ocean, potentially disrupting the vital ocean current.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is like a moat around the icy continent. The current helps to keep warm water at bay, protecting vulnerable ice sheets. It also acts as a barrier to invasive species such as southern bull kelp and any animals hitching a ride on these rafts, spreading them out as they drift towards the continent. It also plays a big part in regulating the Earth's climate.
The influence of climate change:
Ocean currents respond to changes in temperature, salt levels, wind patterns and sea ice extent. So the global ocean conveyor belt is vulnerable to climate change on multiple fronts. Previous research suggested one vital part of this conveyor belt could be headed for a catastrophic collapse. Theoretically, warming water around Antarctica should speed up the current. This is because density changes and winds around Antarctica dictate the strength of the current. Warm water is less dense (or heavy) and this should be enough to speed up the current.
Far-reaching consequences:
The consequences of a weaker Antarctic Circumpolar Current are profound and far-reaching. As the main current that circulates nutrient-rich waters around Antarctica, it plays a crucial role in the Antarctic ecosystem. Weakening of the current could reduce biodiversity and decrease the productivity of fisheries that many coastal communities rely on. It could also aid the entry of invasive species such as southern bull kelp to Antarctica, disrupting local ecosystems and food webs.
(Adapted from: www.bbcnews/fuure/article/20250303-the-worlds-strongest-ocean-current-is-at-risck)
Mark the option that presents an INCORRECT use of a modal verb.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
TEXT I
The world's strongest ocean current should be getting faster - instead, it is at risk of failing.
Antarctica's remote and mysterious current has a profound influence on the climate, food systems and Antarctic ecosystems. Can we stop it weakening by 2050? The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the strongest ocean current on the planet. It's five times stronger than the Gulf Stream and more than 100 times stronger than the Amazon River. It forms part of the global ocean "conveyor belt" connecting the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. The system regulates Earth's climate and pumps water, heat and nutrients around the globe. But fresh, cool water from melting Antarctic ice is diluting the salty water of the ocean, potentially disrupting the vital ocean current.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is like a moat around the icy continent. The current helps to keep warm water at bay, protecting vulnerable ice sheets. It also acts as a barrier to invasive species such as southern bull kelp and any animals hitching a ride on these rafts, spreading them out as they drift towards the continent. It also plays a big part in regulating the Earth's climate.
The influence of climate change:
Ocean currents respond to changes in temperature, salt levels, wind patterns and sea ice extent. So the global ocean conveyor belt is vulnerable to climate change on multiple fronts. Previous research suggested one vital part of this conveyor belt could be headed for a catastrophic collapse. Theoretically, warming water around Antarctica should speed up the current. This is because density changes and winds around Antarctica dictate the strength of the current. Warm water is less dense (or heavy) and this should be enough to speed up the current.
Far-reaching consequences:
The consequences of a weaker Antarctic Circumpolar Current are profound and far-reaching. As the main current that circulates nutrient-rich waters around Antarctica, it plays a crucial role in the Antarctic ecosystem. Weakening of the current could reduce biodiversity and decrease the productivity of fisheries that many coastal communities rely on. It could also aid the entry of invasive species such as southern bull kelp to Antarctica, disrupting local ecosystems and food webs.
(Adapted from: www.bbcnews/fuure/article/20250303-the-worlds-strongest-ocean-current-is-at-risck)
![Texto: By reading the text: "[...] spreading them out as they drift towards the continent.", it is correct to infer that the meaning of the underlined term is similar to: — As palavras "spreading" e "out" estão sublinhadas.](https://vaiconcursos.com/wp-content/uploads/questoes-v4/imagens/4809ccd3dd94cebd69776e70c8ae45d905ddd710d9040582a564942ba0434807/q005_img_01.png)
TEXT II
TITLE: Asteroid probe snaps rare images of Martian Moon
March 13, 2025 3:29 PM
By Agence France-Press
Paris -
On the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision, a European spacecraft swung by Mars and captured rare images of the red planet's mysterious small moon Deimos, the European Space Agency said Thursday.
Europe's HERA mission is aiming to find out how much of an impact a NASA spacecraft made when it deliberately smashed into an asteroid in 2022 in the first test of our planetary defenses.
But HERA will not reach the asteroid - which is 11 million kilometers from Earth in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter - until late 2026.
On the long voyage there, the spacecraft swung around Mars on Wednesday.
The spacecraft used the planet's gravity to get a "kick" that also changed its direction and saved fuel, mission analyst Pablo Munoz told a press conference.
For an hour, HERA flew as close as 5,600 kilometers from the Martian surface, at a speed of 33,480 kilometers an hour.
It used the opportunity to test some of its scientific instruments, snapping around 600 pictures, including rare ones of Deimos.
The lumpy, 12.5-kilometer-wide moon is the smaller and less well-known of the two moons of Mars.
Exactly how Deimos and the bigger Phobos were formed remains a matter of debate.
Some scientists believe they were once asteroids that were captured in the gravity of Mars, while others think they could have been shot from a massive impact on the surface.
The new images add "another piece of the puzzle" to efforts to determine their origin, Marcel Popescu of the Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy said.
There are hopes that data from HERA's "HyperScout" and thermal infrared imagers - which observe colors beyond the limits of the human eye - will shed light on this mystery by discovering more about the moon's composition.
Those infrared imagers are why the red planet appears blue in some of the photos.
Next, HERA will turn its focus back to asteroid Dimorphos.
When NASA's DART mission smashed into Dimorphos in 2022, it shortened the 160-meter-wide asteroid's orbit around its big brother Didymos by 33 minutes.
Although Dimorphos itself posed no threat to Earth, HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be an effective way for Earth to defend itself against possibly existence-threatening asteroids in the future.
Space agencies have been working to ramp up Earth's planetary defences, monitoring for potential threats so they can be dealt with as soon as possible.
Earlier this year, a newly discovered asteroid capable of destroying a city was briefly given a more than 3% chance of hitting Earth in 2032.
However further observations sent the chances of a direct hit back down to nearly zero.
Richard Moissl, head of the ESA's planetary defense office, said that asteroid, 2024 YR, followed a pattern that will become more common.
As we get better at scanning the skies, "we will discover asteroids at a higher rate," he said.
The ESA is developing a secondary planetary defense mission to observe the 350-meter-wide asteroid Apophis, which will fly just 32,000 kilometers from Earth on April 13, 2029.
If approved by the ESA's ministerial council, the Ramses mission will launch in 2028, reaching the asteroid two months before it approaches Earth.
(Adapted from: https://www.voanews.com/a/asteroid-probe-snaps-rare-images-of-martian-moon/8009850.html )
HERA, DART and RAMSES are proper nouns used to identify:
TEXT II
TITLE: Asteroid probe snaps rare images of Martian Moon
March 13, 2025 3:29 PM
By Agence France-Press
Paris -
On the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision, a European spacecraft swung by Mars and captured rare images of the red planet's mysterious small moon Deimos, the European Space Agency said Thursday.
Europe's HERA mission is aiming to find out how much of an impact a NASA spacecraft made when it deliberately smashed into an asteroid in 2022 in the first test of our planetary defenses.
But HERA will not reach the asteroid - which is 11 million kilometers from Earth in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter - until late 2026.
On the long voyage there, the spacecraft swung around Mars on Wednesday.
The spacecraft used the planet's gravity to get a "kick" that also changed its direction and saved fuel, mission analyst Pablo Munoz told a press conference.
For an hour, HERA flew as close as 5,600 kilometers from the Martian surface, at a speed of 33,480 kilometers an hour.
It used the opportunity to test some of its scientific instruments, snapping around 600 pictures, including rare ones of Deimos.
The lumpy, 12.5-kilometer-wide moon is the smaller and less well-known of the two moons of Mars.
Exactly how Deimos and the bigger Phobos were formed remains a matter of debate.
Some scientists believe they were once asteroids that were captured in the gravity of Mars, while others think they could have been shot from a massive impact on the surface.
The new images add "another piece of the puzzle" to efforts to determine their origin, Marcel Popescu of the Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy said.
There are hopes that data from HERA's "HyperScout" and thermal infrared imagers - which observe colors beyond the limits of the human eye - will shed light on this mystery by discovering more about the moon's composition.
Those infrared imagers are why the red planet appears blue in some of the photos.
Next, HERA will turn its focus back to asteroid Dimorphos.
When NASA's DART mission smashed into Dimorphos in 2022, it shortened the 160-meter-wide asteroid's orbit around its big brother Didymos by 33 minutes.
Although Dimorphos itself posed no threat to Earth, HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be an effective way for Earth to defend itself against possibly existence-threatening asteroids in the future.
Space agencies have been working to ramp up Earth's planetary defences, monitoring for potential threats so they can be dealt with as soon as possible.
Earlier this year, a newly discovered asteroid capable of destroying a city was briefly given a more than 3% chance of hitting Earth in 2032.
However further observations sent the chances of a direct hit back down to nearly zero.
Richard Moissl, head of the ESA's planetary defense office, said that asteroid, 2024 YR, followed a pattern that will become more common.
As we get better at scanning the skies, "we will discover asteroids at a higher rate," he said.
The ESA is developing a secondary planetary defense mission to observe the 350-meter-wide asteroid Apophis, which will fly just 32,000 kilometers from Earth on April 13, 2029.
If approved by the ESA's ministerial council, the Ramses mission will launch in 2028, reaching the asteroid two months before it approaches Earth.
(Adapted from: https://www.voanews.com/a/asteroid-probe-snaps-rare-images-of-martian-moon/8009850.html )
In the extract: "...HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be an effective way for Earth to defend itself...", the word WHETHER conveys the idea of:Resolução comentada
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TEXT II
TITLE: Asteroid probe snaps rare images of Martian Moon
March 13, 2025 3:29 PM
By Agence France-Press
Paris -
On the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision, a European spacecraft swung by Mars and captured rare images of the red planet's mysterious small moon Deimos, the European Space Agency said Thursday.
Europe's HERA mission is aiming to find out how much of an impact a NASA spacecraft made when it deliberately smashed into an asteroid in 2022 in the first test of our planetary defenses.
But HERA will not reach the asteroid - which is 11 million kilometers from Earth in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter - until late 2026.
On the long voyage there, the spacecraft swung around Mars on Wednesday.
The spacecraft used the planet's gravity to get a "kick" that also changed its direction and saved fuel, mission analyst Pablo Munoz told a press conference.
For an hour, HERA flew as close as 5,600 kilometers from the Martian surface, at a speed of 33,480 kilometers an hour.
It used the opportunity to test some of its scientific instruments, snapping around 600 pictures, including rare ones of Deimos.
The lumpy, 12.5-kilometer-wide moon is the smaller and less well-known of the two moons of Mars.
Exactly how Deimos and the bigger Phobos were formed remains a matter of debate.
Some scientists believe they were once asteroids that were captured in the gravity of Mars, while others think they could have been shot from a massive impact on the surface.
The new images add "another piece of the puzzle" to efforts to determine their origin, Marcel Popescu of the Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy said.
There are hopes that data from HERA's "HyperScout" and thermal infrared imagers - which observe colors beyond the limits of the human eye - will shed light on this mystery by discovering more about the moon's composition.
Those infrared imagers are why the red planet appears blue in some of the photos.
Next, HERA will turn its focus back to asteroid Dimorphos.
When NASA's DART mission smashed into Dimorphos in 2022, it shortened the 160-meter-wide asteroid's orbit around its big brother Didymos by 33 minutes.
Although Dimorphos itself posed no threat to Earth, HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be an effective way for Earth to defend itself against possibly existence-threatening asteroids in the future.
Space agencies have been working to ramp up Earth's planetary defences, monitoring for potential threats so they can be dealt with as soon as possible.
Earlier this year, a newly discovered asteroid capable of destroying a city was briefly given a more than 3% chance of hitting Earth in 2032.
However further observations sent the chances of a direct hit back down to nearly zero.
Richard Moissl, head of the ESA's planetary defense office, said that asteroid, 2024 YR, followed a pattern that will become more common.
As we get better at scanning the skies, "we will discover asteroids at a higher rate," he said.
The ESA is developing a secondary planetary defense mission to observe the 350-meter-wide asteroid Apophis, which will fly just 32,000 kilometers from Earth on April 13, 2029.
If approved by the ESA's ministerial council, the Ramses mission will launch in 2028, reaching the asteroid two months before it approaches Earth.
(Adapted from: https://www.voanews.com/a/asteroid-probe-snaps-rare-images-of-martian-moon/8009850.html )
Mark the correct option that presents a paraphrase for the following extract: "If approved by the ESA's ministerial council, the Ramses mission will launch in 2028".Resolução comentada
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TEXT II
TITLE: Asteroid probe snaps rare images of Martian Moon
March 13, 2025 3:29 PM
By Agence France-Press
Paris -
On the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision, a European spacecraft swung by Mars and captured rare images of the red planet's mysterious small moon Deimos, the European Space Agency said Thursday.
Europe's HERA mission is aiming to find out how much of an impact a NASA spacecraft made when it deliberately smashed into an asteroid in 2022 in the first test of our planetary defenses.
But HERA will not reach the asteroid - which is 11 million kilometers from Earth in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter - until late 2026.
On the long voyage there, the spacecraft swung around Mars on Wednesday.
The spacecraft used the planet's gravity to get a "kick" that also changed its direction and saved fuel, mission analyst Pablo Munoz told a press conference.
For an hour, HERA flew as close as 5,600 kilometers from the Martian surface, at a speed of 33,480 kilometers an hour.
It used the opportunity to test some of its scientific instruments, snapping around 600 pictures, including rare ones of Deimos.
The lumpy, 12.5-kilometer-wide moon is the smaller and less well-known of the two moons of Mars.
Exactly how Deimos and the bigger Phobos were formed remains a matter of debate.
Some scientists believe they were once asteroids that were captured in the gravity of Mars, while others think they could have been shot from a massive impact on the surface.
The new images add "another piece of the puzzle" to efforts to determine their origin, Marcel Popescu of the Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy said.
There are hopes that data from HERA's "HyperScout" and thermal infrared imagers - which observe colors beyond the limits of the human eye - will shed light on this mystery by discovering more about the moon's composition.
Those infrared imagers are why the red planet appears blue in some of the photos.
Next, HERA will turn its focus back to asteroid Dimorphos.
When NASA's DART mission smashed into Dimorphos in 2022, it shortened the 160-meter-wide asteroid's orbit around its big brother Didymos by 33 minutes.
Although Dimorphos itself posed no threat to Earth, HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be an effective way for Earth to defend itself against possibly existence-threatening asteroids in the future.
Space agencies have been working to ramp up Earth's planetary defences, monitoring for potential threats so they can be dealt with as soon as possible.
Earlier this year, a newly discovered asteroid capable of destroying a city was briefly given a more than 3% chance of hitting Earth in 2032.
However further observations sent the chances of a direct hit back down to nearly zero.
Richard Moissl, head of the ESA's planetary defense office, said that asteroid, 2024 YR, followed a pattern that will become more common.
As we get better at scanning the skies, "we will discover asteroids at a higher rate," he said.
The ESA is developing a secondary planetary defense mission to observe the 350-meter-wide asteroid Apophis, which will fly just 32,000 kilometers from Earth on April 13, 2029.
If approved by the ESA's ministerial council, the Ramses mission will launch in 2028, reaching the asteroid two months before it approaches Earth.
(Adapted from: https://www.voanews.com/a/asteroid-probe-snaps-rare-images-of-martian-moon/8009850.html )
Mark the correct option that presents a paraphrase to the following extract: "The spacecraft used the planet's gravity to get a 'kick'."Resolução comentada
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TEXT II
TITLE: Asteroid probe snaps rare images of Martian Moon
March 13, 2025 3:29 PM
By Agence France-Press
Paris -
On the way to investigate the scene of a historic asteroid collision, a European spacecraft swung by Mars and captured rare images of the red planet's mysterious small moon Deimos, the European Space Agency said Thursday.
Europe's HERA mission is aiming to find out how much of an impact a NASA spacecraft made when it deliberately smashed into an asteroid in 2022 in the first test of our planetary defenses.
But HERA will not reach the asteroid - which is 11 million kilometers from Earth in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter - until late 2026.
On the long voyage there, the spacecraft swung around Mars on Wednesday.
The spacecraft used the planet's gravity to get a "kick" that also changed its direction and saved fuel, mission analyst Pablo Munoz told a press conference.
For an hour, HERA flew as close as 5,600 kilometers from the Martian surface, at a speed of 33,480 kilometers an hour.
It used the opportunity to test some of its scientific instruments, snapping around 600 pictures, including rare ones of Deimos.
The lumpy, 12.5-kilometer-wide moon is the smaller and less well-known of the two moons of Mars.
Exactly how Deimos and the bigger Phobos were formed remains a matter of debate.
Some scientists believe they were once asteroids that were captured in the gravity of Mars, while others think they could have been shot from a massive impact on the surface.
The new images add "another piece of the puzzle" to efforts to determine their origin, Marcel Popescu of the Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy said.
There are hopes that data from HERA's "HyperScout" and thermal infrared imagers - which observe colors beyond the limits of the human eye - will shed light on this mystery by discovering more about the moon's composition.
Those infrared imagers are why the red planet appears blue in some of the photos.
Next, HERA will turn its focus back to asteroid Dimorphos.
When NASA's DART mission smashed into Dimorphos in 2022, it shortened the 160-meter-wide asteroid's orbit around its big brother Didymos by 33 minutes.
Although Dimorphos itself posed no threat to Earth, HERA intends to discover whether this technique could be an effective way for Earth to defend itself against possibly existence-threatening asteroids in the future.
Space agencies have been working to ramp up Earth's planetary defences, monitoring for potential threats so they can be dealt with as soon as possible.
Earlier this year, a newly discovered asteroid capable of destroying a city was briefly given a more than 3% chance of hitting Earth in 2032.
However further observations sent the chances of a direct hit back down to nearly zero.
Richard Moissl, head of the ESA's planetary defense office, said that asteroid, 2024 YR, followed a pattern that will become more common.
As we get better at scanning the skies, "we will discover asteroids at a higher rate," he said.
The ESA is developing a secondary planetary defense mission to observe the 350-meter-wide asteroid Apophis, which will fly just 32,000 kilometers from Earth on April 13, 2029.
If approved by the ESA's ministerial council, the Ramses mission will launch in 2028, reaching the asteroid two months before it approaches Earth.
(Adapted from: https://www.voanews.com/a/asteroid-probe-snaps-rare-images-of-martian-moon/8009850.html )
According to the text, HERA's main objective was:Resolução comentada
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( ) Metabolômica - Estudo das proteínas e vias enzimáticas envolvidas no metabolismo celular.
( ) Transcriptômica - análise dos genomas de organismos coletados no meio ambiente.
( ) Proteômica - estudo de todas as proteínas que compõem a célula.Resolução comentada
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"__________ é um medicamento que interfere com a interligação final das fileiras de __________. Assim, a parede celular bacteriana fica consideravelmente enfraquecida e a célula sofre __________, uma destruição causada pela __________."Resolução comentada
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A utilização de diferentes tecnologias tem permitido o desenvolvimento e a produção de medicamentos compostos por anticorpos monoclonais (mAbs). Essa classe de medicamentos vem sendo empregada para o tratamento, por exemplo, de doenças infecciosas e autoimunes. Sobre os anticorpos monoclonais, é correto afirmar que:
Diversas infecções relacionadas aos cuidados de saúde ocorrem, provavelmente, devido à presença de biofilmes em materiais utilizados no ambiente hospitalar. Assim, assinale a opção que apresenta uma característica do biofilme.
A respeito do estudo das "ômicas", coloque V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) nas afirmativas a seguir e assinale a opção correta.
Em laboratórios de biologia, a análise de risco deve ser orientada por parâmetros que dizem respeito à classificação de risco do agente biológico e ao tipo de procedimento realizado. Segundo a classificação de risco dos agentes biológicos do Ministério da Saúde, são exemplos de critérios da análise de risco:
Alguns medicamentos baseiam-se em características específicas dos patógenos que combatem. Sobre um fármaco que explora a estrutura celular bacteriana, assinale a opção que completa corretamente as lacunas das sentenças abaixo.
Apesar de bactérias da espécie Bordetella bronchiseptica provocarem infecções no homem e em animais, seu potencial de propagação na comunidade e de disseminação no meio ambiente é limitado, e existem medidas profiláticas e terapêuticas eficazes. Esse patógeno deve ser classificado como classe de risco:
Microscopia óptica refere-se ao uso de qualquer tipo de microscópio que, para observar amostras, utilize:
Com relação aos tipos de meios de cultura, assinale a opção correta.
Sobre os fatores humanos e ambientais que contribuem para o surgimento de novas doenças infecciosas, assinale a opção INCORRETA.
Sobre os antígenos, os anticorpos e suas relações, assinale a opção correta.