Provas – VaiConcursos

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Tirinha

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Texto-base:
Read Text I to answer questions 21 and 22.

TEXT I

Tirinha em cinco quadros, 'ON A FAMILY HIKE.': uma menina tira fotos com o celular durante uma caminhada na floresta ('clicky click', 'click', 'post'); no último quadro, a mãe diz: 'Well, now we know why it takes her 40 minutes to walk five blocks to school.' e o pai: 'My Fitbit is running backwards.'

Tirinha em cinco quadros, 'ON A FAMILY HIKE.': uma menina tira fotos com o celular durante uma caminhada na floresta ('clicky click', 'click', 'post'); no último quadro, a mãe diz: 'Well, now we know why it takes her 40 minutes to walk five blocks to school.' e o pai: 'My Fitbit is running backwards.'

https://comicskingdom.com/pajama-diaries/2016-05-26

The mother finally realizes the reason why her daughter:

Selecione uma alternativa A) is always late and runs to school. B) gets lost and does not go to school. C) takes photos only when going to school. D) makes up excuses not to go on foot to school. E) spends more than half an hour going to school.

Língua Inglesa Formação de Perguntas (Interrogative Sentences)

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Texto-base:
Read Text I to answer questions 21 and 22.

TEXT I

Tirinha em cinco quadros, 'ON A FAMILY HIKE.': uma menina tira fotos com o celular durante uma caminhada na floresta ('clicky click', 'click', 'post'); no último quadro, a mãe diz: 'Well, now we know why it takes her 40 minutes to walk five blocks to school.' e o pai: 'My Fitbit is running backwards.'

https://comicskingdom.com/pajama-diaries/2016-05-26

Mark the grammatically correct question for this sentence extracted from the cartoon: “it takes her 40 minutes to walk five blocks to school”.

Selecione uma alternativa A) How long does she take to walk to school? B) How long does it take her to walk to school? C) How long it takes her to walk to school? D) How long she takes to walk to school? E) How long does she go to walk to school?

Língua Inglesa Advérbios — Grau Comparativo

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Texto-base:
Read Text II to answer questions 23 to 27.

TEXT II

France to trial ban on mobile phones at school for children under 15

Kim Willsher - Paris
Tue 27 Aug 2024

France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school for pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a “digital pause” that, if judged successful, could be rolled out nationwide from January.
Just under 200 secondary schools will take place in the experiment that will require youngsters to hand over phones on arrival at reception. It takes the prohibition on the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at primary and secondary schools from using their phones on the premises but allowed them to keep possession of them.
Announcing the trial on Tuesday, the acting education minister, Nicole Belloubet, said the aim was to give youngsters a “digital pause”. If the trial proves successful, the ban would be introduced in all schools from January, Belloubet said.
A commission set up by the president, Emmanuel Macron, expressed concern that the overexposure of children to screens was having a detrimental effect on their health and development.
A 140-page report published in March concluded there was “a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight and even obese - as well as on sight". It said the “hyper” use of phones and other digital technology was not only bad for children but also for “society and civilisation”.
The report recommended children’s use of mobile phones be controlled in stages: no mobile phones before the age of at least 11, mobiles without internet access between 11 and 13, phones with internet but no access to social media before 15.
It also suggested children under three years old should not be exposed at all to digital devices, which it said were "not necessary for the healthy development of the child”.
“We must put the digital tool in its place. Up to at least six years old a child has no need for a digital device to develop," Servane Mouton, a neurologist and neurophysiologist who was on the commission, said. “We have to teach parents once again how to play with their children.”
Banning phones in schools has long been debated across Europe. In countries where bans exist this is most often confined to their use and do not require children to hand them over.
In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and digital devices in classrooms except for education purposes. A quasi ban has been in place in Dutch secondary school classrooms since the beginning of this year, but as a recommendation and not a legal obligation. From this school year the directive will also apply to primary schools.
Italy was early to phone bans, introducing one in 2007, easing it in 2017 and reimposing it in 2022. It applies to all age groups.
In February this year, the British government issued guidance for schools “on prohibiting the use of mobile phones throughout the school day” but said it was for individual head teachers and leaders to decide on phone use policy.
Portugal is experimenting with a compromise by introducing a number of phone-free days at schools each month, while in Spain schools in some autonomous regions have imposed a ban but there is no nationwide prohibition.

Adapted from:
<https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/france-to-trial-ban-on-mobile-phones-at-school-for-children-under-15>

Mark the option in which the extract from the text contains an adverb in the comparative degree.

Selecione uma alternativa A) “France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school for pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a “digital pause” that, if judged successful, could be rolled out nationwide from January.” (1st paragraph) B) “It takes the prohibition on the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at primary and secondary schools from using their phones on the premises but allowed them to keep possession of them.” (2nd paragraph) C) “A 140-page report (...) concluded there was ‘a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight and even obese - as well as on sight.’” (5th paragraph) D) “In countries where bans exist this is most often confined to their use and do not require children to hand them over.” (9th paragraph) E) “In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and digital devices in classrooms except for education purposes.” (10th paragraph)

Resolução comentada

'Further than' é advérbio no grau comparativo.

Em 'takes the prohibition... further than a 2018 law', 'further' (comparativo de far) modifica o verbo 'takes' e é seguido de 'than'. É um advérbio no comparativo.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'nationwide' é advérbio sem grau comparativo. C) 'very clear' é adjetivo com intensificador. D) 'most often' é superlativo, não comparativo. E) 'most schools' usa 'most' como determinante, não advérbio comparativo.

Referência: Texto II, 2º parágrafo; graus do advérbio.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Referência Pronominal

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Texto-base:
Read Text II to answer questions 23 to 27.

TEXT II

France to trial ban on mobile phones at school for children under 15

Kim Willsher - Paris
Tue 27 Aug 2024

France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school for pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a “digital pause” that, if judged successful, could be rolled out nationwide from January.
Just under 200 secondary schools will take place in the experiment that will require youngsters to hand over phones on arrival at reception. It takes the prohibition on the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at primary and secondary schools from using their phones on the premises but allowed them to keep possession of them.
Announcing the trial on Tuesday, the acting education minister, Nicole Belloubet, said the aim was to give youngsters a “digital pause”. If the trial proves successful, the ban would be introduced in all schools from January, Belloubet said.
A commission set up by the president, Emmanuel Macron, expressed concern that the overexposure of children to screens was having a detrimental effect on their health and development.
A 140-page report published in March concluded there was “a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight and even obese - as well as on sight". It said the “hyper” use of phones and other digital technology was not only bad for children but also for “society and civilisation”.
The report recommended children’s use of mobile phones be controlled in stages: no mobile phones before the age of at least 11, mobiles without internet access between 11 and 13, phones with internet but no access to social media before 15.
It also suggested children under three years old should not be exposed at all to digital devices, which it said were "not necessary for the healthy development of the child”.
“We must put the digital tool in its place. Up to at least six years old a child has no need for a digital device to develop," Servane Mouton, a neurologist and neurophysiologist who was on the commission, said. “We have to teach parents once again how to play with their children.”
Banning phones in schools has long been debated across Europe. In countries where bans exist this is most often confined to their use and do not require children to hand them over.
In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and digital devices in classrooms except for education purposes. A quasi ban has been in place in Dutch secondary school classrooms since the beginning of this year, but as a recommendation and not a legal obligation. From this school year the directive will also apply to primary schools.
Italy was early to phone bans, introducing one in 2007, easing it in 2017 and reimposing it in 2022. It applies to all age groups.
In February this year, the British government issued guidance for schools “on prohibiting the use of mobile phones throughout the school day” but said it was for individual head teachers and leaders to decide on phone use policy.
Portugal is experimenting with a compromise by introducing a number of phone-free days at schools each month, while in Spain schools in some autonomous regions have imposed a ban but there is no nationwide prohibition.

Adapted from:
<https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/france-to-trial-ban-on-mobile-phones-at-school-for-children-under-15>

The pronouns in the sentence “(...) but allowed them to keep possession of them” (2nd paragraph) refer to, respectively:

Selecione uma alternativa A) premises / pupils B) schools / pupils C) pupils / phones D) schools / phones E) pupils / premises

Resolução comentada

'Them' refere-se a 'pupils' e a 'phones'.

Em 'allowed them to keep possession of them', o 1º 'them' são os alunos (pupils), que foram autorizados a manter a posse. O 2º 'them' são os celulares (phones), objeto da posse.

Análise das alternativas

A, B, D e E) Erradas: 'premises' e 'schools' não são quem recebe a permissão nem o que se mantém em posse.

Referência: Texto II, 2º parágrafo; referência pronominal.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Read Text II to answer questions 23 to 27.

TEXT II

France to trial ban on mobile phones at school for children under 15

Kim Willsher - Paris
Tue 27 Aug 2024

France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school for pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a “digital pause” that, if judged successful, could be rolled out nationwide from January.
Just under 200 secondary schools will take place in the experiment that will require youngsters to hand over phones on arrival at reception. It takes the prohibition on the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at primary and secondary schools from using their phones on the premises but allowed them to keep possession of them.
Announcing the trial on Tuesday, the acting education minister, Nicole Belloubet, said the aim was to give youngsters a “digital pause”. If the trial proves successful, the ban would be introduced in all schools from January, Belloubet said.
A commission set up by the president, Emmanuel Macron, expressed concern that the overexposure of children to screens was having a detrimental effect on their health and development.
A 140-page report published in March concluded there was “a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight and even obese - as well as on sight". It said the “hyper” use of phones and other digital technology was not only bad for children but also for “society and civilisation”.
The report recommended children’s use of mobile phones be controlled in stages: no mobile phones before the age of at least 11, mobiles without internet access between 11 and 13, phones with internet but no access to social media before 15.
It also suggested children under three years old should not be exposed at all to digital devices, which it said were "not necessary for the healthy development of the child”.
“We must put the digital tool in its place. Up to at least six years old a child has no need for a digital device to develop," Servane Mouton, a neurologist and neurophysiologist who was on the commission, said. “We have to teach parents once again how to play with their children.”
Banning phones in schools has long been debated across Europe. In countries where bans exist this is most often confined to their use and do not require children to hand them over.
In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and digital devices in classrooms except for education purposes. A quasi ban has been in place in Dutch secondary school classrooms since the beginning of this year, but as a recommendation and not a legal obligation. From this school year the directive will also apply to primary schools.
Italy was early to phone bans, introducing one in 2007, easing it in 2017 and reimposing it in 2022. It applies to all age groups.
In February this year, the British government issued guidance for schools “on prohibiting the use of mobile phones throughout the school day” but said it was for individual head teachers and leaders to decide on phone use policy.
Portugal is experimenting with a compromise by introducing a number of phone-free days at schools each month, while in Spain schools in some autonomous regions have imposed a ban but there is no nationwide prohibition.

Adapted from:
<https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/france-to-trial-ban-on-mobile-phones-at-school-for-children-under-15>

It is correct to infer that in France:

Selecione uma alternativa A) students under fifteen at certain schools will have to leave their phones at the receptions when the ban becomes effective. B) there is no possibility that the phone ban will cover all schools throughout the country from January. C) according to some experts, children under three years old can use digital devices, as long as their parents also play with them. D) this is the first time that the French government is trying a ban on phones at primary and secondary schools. E) the president, Emmanuel Macron, recommended that children under fifteen should not use any kind of digital device.

Resolução comentada

Alunos de menos de 15 anos nas escolas do teste devem entregar o celular na recepção.

O texto diz que o experimento exigirá que os jovens entreguem os celulares na chegada, na recepção. Isso vale para alunos com menos de 15 anos em cerca de 200 escolas. A alternativa A reflete isso.

Análise das alternativas

B) Errada: a extensão para todas as escolas só ocorreria se o teste for bem-sucedido, então é possível. C) Errada: o relatório sugere que crianças com menos de três anos não devem ser expostas a dispositivos digitais. D) Errada: já existia a lei de 2018. E) Errada: foi uma comissão criada por Macron que recomendou, não o presidente pessoalmente.

Referência: Texto II, 2º ao 6º parágrafos.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
Read Text II to answer questions 23 to 27.

TEXT II

France to trial ban on mobile phones at school for children under 15

Kim Willsher - Paris
Tue 27 Aug 2024

France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school for pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a “digital pause” that, if judged successful, could be rolled out nationwide from January.
Just under 200 secondary schools will take place in the experiment that will require youngsters to hand over phones on arrival at reception. It takes the prohibition on the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at primary and secondary schools from using their phones on the premises but allowed them to keep possession of them.
Announcing the trial on Tuesday, the acting education minister, Nicole Belloubet, said the aim was to give youngsters a “digital pause”. If the trial proves successful, the ban would be introduced in all schools from January, Belloubet said.
A commission set up by the president, Emmanuel Macron, expressed concern that the overexposure of children to screens was having a detrimental effect on their health and development.
A 140-page report published in March concluded there was “a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight and even obese - as well as on sight". It said the “hyper” use of phones and other digital technology was not only bad for children but also for “society and civilisation”.
The report recommended children’s use of mobile phones be controlled in stages: no mobile phones before the age of at least 11, mobiles without internet access between 11 and 13, phones with internet but no access to social media before 15.
It also suggested children under three years old should not be exposed at all to digital devices, which it said were "not necessary for the healthy development of the child”.
“We must put the digital tool in its place. Up to at least six years old a child has no need for a digital device to develop," Servane Mouton, a neurologist and neurophysiologist who was on the commission, said. “We have to teach parents once again how to play with their children.”
Banning phones in schools has long been debated across Europe. In countries where bans exist this is most often confined to their use and do not require children to hand them over.
In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and digital devices in classrooms except for education purposes. A quasi ban has been in place in Dutch secondary school classrooms since the beginning of this year, but as a recommendation and not a legal obligation. From this school year the directive will also apply to primary schools.
Italy was early to phone bans, introducing one in 2007, easing it in 2017 and reimposing it in 2022. It applies to all age groups.
In February this year, the British government issued guidance for schools “on prohibiting the use of mobile phones throughout the school day” but said it was for individual head teachers and leaders to decide on phone use policy.
Portugal is experimenting with a compromise by introducing a number of phone-free days at schools each month, while in Spain schools in some autonomous regions have imposed a ban but there is no nationwide prohibition.

Adapted from:
<https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/france-to-trial-ban-on-mobile-phones-at-school-for-children-under-15>

According to the text:

Selecione uma alternativa A) in Germany, mobile phone use has been formally restricted for education purposes in all schools. B) in Italy, a more severe phone ban for all age groups was imposed in 2017, but it didn’t last 5 years. C) in Portugal, there are some specific days a month when students can’t use their phones at school. D) in Holland, schools have legally banned the use of mobile phones or any digital devices in class. E) in the UK, head teachers and leaders are allowed to call the police to prohibit phone use in schools.

Resolução comentada

Em Portugal há dias do mês livres de celular nas escolas.

O texto diz que Portugal introduz 'a number of phone-free days at schools each month', o que equivale à alternativa C.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: na Alemanha não há restrições formais, mas a maioria das escolas proíbe o uso, exceto para fins educacionais. B) Errada: o Reino Unido não chamou a polícia; a Itália proibiu em 2007, flexibilizou em 2017 e reimpôs em 2022, ou seja, houve 5 anos entre a flexibilização e a reimposição, e a proibição de 2007 durou 10 anos. D) Errada: na Holanda é apenas uma recomendação, não uma obrigação legal. E) Errada: diretores e líderes decidem a política, sem chamar a polícia.

Referência: Texto II, 10º a 13º parágrafos.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
Read Text II to answer questions 23 to 27.

TEXT II

France to trial ban on mobile phones at school for children under 15

Kim Willsher - Paris
Tue 27 Aug 2024

France is to trial a ban on mobile phones at school for pupils who are younger than 15, seeking to give children a “digital pause” that, if judged successful, could be rolled out nationwide from January.
Just under 200 secondary schools will take place in the experiment that will require youngsters to hand over phones on arrival at reception. It takes the prohibition on the devices further than a 2018 law that banned pupils at primary and secondary schools from using their phones on the premises but allowed them to keep possession of them.
Announcing the trial on Tuesday, the acting education minister, Nicole Belloubet, said the aim was to give youngsters a “digital pause”. If the trial proves successful, the ban would be introduced in all schools from January, Belloubet said.
A commission set up by the president, Emmanuel Macron, expressed concern that the overexposure of children to screens was having a detrimental effect on their health and development.
A 140-page report published in March concluded there was “a very clear consensus on the direct and indirect negative effects of digital devices on sleep, on being sedentary - a lack of physical activity and the risk of being overweight and even obese - as well as on sight". It said the “hyper” use of phones and other digital technology was not only bad for children but also for “society and civilisation”.
The report recommended children’s use of mobile phones be controlled in stages: no mobile phones before the age of at least 11, mobiles without internet access between 11 and 13, phones with internet but no access to social media before 15.
It also suggested children under three years old should not be exposed at all to digital devices, which it said were "not necessary for the healthy development of the child”.
“We must put the digital tool in its place. Up to at least six years old a child has no need for a digital device to develop," Servane Mouton, a neurologist and neurophysiologist who was on the commission, said. “We have to teach parents once again how to play with their children.”
Banning phones in schools has long been debated across Europe. In countries where bans exist this is most often confined to their use and do not require children to hand them over.
In Germany there are no formal restrictions but most schools have prohibited the use of mobile phones and digital devices in classrooms except for education purposes. A quasi ban has been in place in Dutch secondary school classrooms since the beginning of this year, but as a recommendation and not a legal obligation. From this school year the directive will also apply to primary schools.
Italy was early to phone bans, introducing one in 2007, easing it in 2017 and reimposing it in 2022. It applies to all age groups.
In February this year, the British government issued guidance for schools “on prohibiting the use of mobile phones throughout the school day” but said it was for individual head teachers and leaders to decide on phone use policy.
Portugal is experimenting with a compromise by introducing a number of phone-free days at schools each month, while in Spain schools in some autonomous regions have imposed a ban but there is no nationwide prohibition.

Adapted from:
<https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/27/france-to-trial-ban-on-mobile-phones-at-school-for-children-under-15>

The main purpose of the experiment in France is to:

Selecione uma alternativa A) prohibit kids’ exposure to any digital devices. B) prove that mobile phones can be controlled. C) encourage pupils to have a sedentary life. D) teach youngsters how to play with smartphones. E) provide children with a digital pause at schools.

Resolução comentada

O objetivo do experimento é dar às crianças uma 'digital pause'.

O texto afirma que a ministra Nicole Belloubet disse que o objetivo ('the aim') era dar aos jovens uma 'digital pause'. Isso corresponde à alternativa E.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: a proibição é só de celulares na escola, não de todos os dispositivos digitais. B) Errada: o foco não é provar que celulares podem ser controlados. C) Errada: o sedentarismo é apontado como efeito negativo. D) Errada: a fala sobre brincar é sobre ensinar os pais a brincar com os filhos.

Referência: Texto II (The Guardian, 2024), 3º parágrafo.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Tempos Verbais

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Texto-base:
Read Text III to answer questions 28 to 31.

TEXT III

Czech star gymnast dies after falling over 200 feet from mountain while attempting to take selfie

By Scott Thompson - Fox News
Updated August 26, 2024

The Daily Mail reports that 23-year-old Natalie Stichova was declared dead six days after falling 262 feet down Tegelberg Mountain in Bavaria, Germany, on Aug. 15.
A friend of the gymnast told Czech media that Stichova was trying to take a selfie when she fell. The person, who wanted to remain anonymous, said Stichova was close to the edge of the mountain when her foot appeared to slip while setting up for a photo in front of the castle.
"We will never find out whether she slipped or whether a piece of the rock edge broke off," the friend said, per the Daily Mail.
Stichova was reportedly with her boyfriend, David, and two friends ______ the time of the incident. Police said it was a challenging climb to reach the gymnast after her fall. Although Stichova was alive when first responders arrived, she was suffering from severe injuries.
The Daily Mail reports Stichova’s family took her off life support due to irreversible brain damage ______ Aug. 21. She died ______ 5:30 a.m. that day.
"With deep sorrow, we announce that our wonderful friend, gymnast, representative, and coach, Natalie Stichova, has left us forever due to a tragic accident," Stichova’s club, Sokol Pribram Sports Gymnastics, said in an official statement, per the Daily Mail. "We are extending our heartfelt condolences to her family and close friends, sending them strength and support."

Adapted from: <https://www.foxnews.com/sports/czech-star-gymnast-dies-after-falling-over-200-feet-from-mountain-while-attempting-take-selfie-report>

Mark the option in which the statement, in parenthesis, correctly explains the verb tense(s) used in the corresponding extracts from the text.

Selecione uma alternativa A) “Czech star gymnast dies after falling over 200 feet from mountain”. (simple present tense to express a routine action) B) "We will never find out whether she slipped or whether a piece of the rock edge broke off". (future tense with “will” to express a promise) C) (...) “our wonderful friend, gymnast, representative, and coach, Natalie Stichova, has left us forever due to a tragic accident". (present perfect tense to express a person’s life experience) D) "We are extending our heartfelt condolences to her family and close friends, sending them strength and support". (present continuous tense to express future arrangements) E) "Stichova was trying to take a selfie when she fell". (past continuous and simple past tense to express an action in progress interrupted by another action in a certain period of the past)

Resolução comentada

'Was trying... when she fell' é past continuous interrompido por simple past.

'Was trying' (past continuous) indica uma ação em andamento no passado, interrompida por 'fell' (simple past). A alternativa E descreve isso corretamente.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: 'dies' em manchete é present simple usado para notícia passada, não para rotina. B) Errada: 'will never find out' expressa previsão ou certeza, não promessa. C) Errada: o present perfect 'has left us' indica um fato recente com resultado presente, não experiência de vida. D) Errada: 'are extending' indica ação acontecendo agora, não arranjo futuro.

Referência: Texto III; tempos verbais.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Preposições

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Texto-base:
Read Text III to answer questions 28 to 31.

TEXT III

Czech star gymnast dies after falling over 200 feet from mountain while attempting to take selfie

By Scott Thompson - Fox News
Updated August 26, 2024

The Daily Mail reports that 23-year-old Natalie Stichova was declared dead six days after falling 262 feet down Tegelberg Mountain in Bavaria, Germany, on Aug. 15.
A friend of the gymnast told Czech media that Stichova was trying to take a selfie when she fell. The person, who wanted to remain anonymous, said Stichova was close to the edge of the mountain when her foot appeared to slip while setting up for a photo in front of the castle.
"We will never find out whether she slipped or whether a piece of the rock edge broke off," the friend said, per the Daily Mail.
Stichova was reportedly with her boyfriend, David, and two friends ______ the time of the incident. Police said it was a challenging climb to reach the gymnast after her fall. Although Stichova was alive when first responders arrived, she was suffering from severe injuries.
The Daily Mail reports Stichova’s family took her off life support due to irreversible brain damage ______ Aug. 21. She died ______ 5:30 a.m. that day.
"With deep sorrow, we announce that our wonderful friend, gymnast, representative, and coach, Natalie Stichova, has left us forever due to a tragic accident," Stichova’s club, Sokol Pribram Sports Gymnastics, said in an official statement, per the Daily Mail. "We are extending our heartfelt condolences to her family and close friends, sending them strength and support."

Adapted from: <https://www.foxnews.com/sports/czech-star-gymnast-dies-after-falling-over-200-feet-from-mountain-while-attempting-take-selfie-report>

Complete the three gaps in the 4th and 5th paragraphs with the missing prepositions. Then, mark the correct option, respectively.

Selecione uma alternativa A) at / on / at B) at / in / on C) in / in / on D) in / on / at E) in / in / at

Resolução comentada

Preposições: at the time / on Aug. 21 / at 5:30 a.m.

Usa-se 'at' em expressões como 'at the time' e em horas exatas (at 5:30). Usa-se 'on' com datas específicas (on Aug. 21). A sequência correta é at / on / at.

Análise das alternativas

B, C, D e E) Erradas: usam 'in' em 'in the time' ou 'in Aug. 21', o que não é idiomático. 'In' é usado com meses, anos e períodos, mas não com datas exatas. Também usam 'on' com horas, o que é incorreto.

Referência: Texto III, 4º e 5º parágrafos; preposições de tempo.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Formas Terminadas em -ing (Adjetivos)

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Texto-base:
Read Text III to answer questions 28 to 31.

TEXT III

Czech star gymnast dies after falling over 200 feet from mountain while attempting to take selfie

By Scott Thompson - Fox News
Updated August 26, 2024

The Daily Mail reports that 23-year-old Natalie Stichova was declared dead six days after falling 262 feet down Tegelberg Mountain in Bavaria, Germany, on Aug. 15.
A friend of the gymnast told Czech media that Stichova was trying to take a selfie when she fell. The person, who wanted to remain anonymous, said Stichova was close to the edge of the mountain when her foot appeared to slip while setting up for a photo in front of the castle.
"We will never find out whether she slipped or whether a piece of the rock edge broke off," the friend said, per the Daily Mail.
Stichova was reportedly with her boyfriend, David, and two friends ______ the time of the incident. Police said it was a challenging climb to reach the gymnast after her fall. Although Stichova was alive when first responders arrived, she was suffering from severe injuries.
The Daily Mail reports Stichova’s family took her off life support due to irreversible brain damage ______ Aug. 21. She died ______ 5:30 a.m. that day.
"With deep sorrow, we announce that our wonderful friend, gymnast, representative, and coach, Natalie Stichova, has left us forever due to a tragic accident," Stichova’s club, Sokol Pribram Sports Gymnastics, said in an official statement, per the Daily Mail. "We are extending our heartfelt condolences to her family and close friends, sending them strength and support."

Adapted from: <https://www.foxnews.com/sports/czech-star-gymnast-dies-after-falling-over-200-feet-from-mountain-while-attempting-take-selfie-report>

Which word ending in _ing, extracted from the text, is used as an adjective?

Selecione uma alternativa A) Falling (title). B) Attempting (title). C) Challenging (4th paragraph). D) Suffering (4th paragraph). E) Sending (6th paragraph).

Resolução comentada

'Challenging' funciona como adjetivo.

Em 'a challenging climb', 'challenging' qualifica o substantivo 'climb' (uma escalada desafiadora), então é adjetivo.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'falling' e B) 'attempting' são gerúndios depois de preposição, com função substantiva/verbal. D) 'was suffering' é verbo no past continuous. E) 'sending' é particípio presente em oração participial.

Referência: Texto III; formas em -ing.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Conectivos — Conjunções

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Texto-base:
Read Text III to answer questions 28 to 31.

TEXT III

Czech star gymnast dies after falling over 200 feet from mountain while attempting to take selfie

By Scott Thompson - Fox News
Updated August 26, 2024

The Daily Mail reports that 23-year-old Natalie Stichova was declared dead six days after falling 262 feet down Tegelberg Mountain in Bavaria, Germany, on Aug. 15.
A friend of the gymnast told Czech media that Stichova was trying to take a selfie when she fell. The person, who wanted to remain anonymous, said Stichova was close to the edge of the mountain when her foot appeared to slip while setting up for a photo in front of the castle.
"We will never find out whether she slipped or whether a piece of the rock edge broke off," the friend said, per the Daily Mail.
Stichova was reportedly with her boyfriend, David, and two friends ______ the time of the incident. Police said it was a challenging climb to reach the gymnast after her fall. Although Stichova was alive when first responders arrived, she was suffering from severe injuries.
The Daily Mail reports Stichova’s family took her off life support due to irreversible brain damage ______ Aug. 21. She died ______ 5:30 a.m. that day.
"With deep sorrow, we announce that our wonderful friend, gymnast, representative, and coach, Natalie Stichova, has left us forever due to a tragic accident," Stichova’s club, Sokol Pribram Sports Gymnastics, said in an official statement, per the Daily Mail. "We are extending our heartfelt condolences to her family and close friends, sending them strength and support."

Adapted from: <https://www.foxnews.com/sports/czech-star-gymnast-dies-after-falling-over-200-feet-from-mountain-while-attempting-take-selfie-report>

In the extract “Although Stichova was alive when first responders arrived, she was suffering from severe injuries” (4th paragraph), “although” is used to express:

Resolução comentada

'Although' expressa contraste (concessão).

'Although' introduz uma ideia que contrasta com a da oração principal: ela estava viva, mas com ferimentos graves. Equivale a 'embora' ou 'apesar de' em português.

Análise das alternativas

A, B e C) Erradas: causa, resultado e razão seriam expressas por 'because', 'so' ou 'therefore'. D) Errada: adição seria 'and' ou 'besides'.

Referência: Texto III, 4º parágrafo; conjunções de contraste.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Read text IV to answer questions 32 and 33.

TEXT IV

Fewer than 1 in 5 would give up their smartphone to mitigate climate change, YAF poll found

According to a poll published on Aug. 13, 2023 from the Young America’s Foundation, two thirds of college students believe climate change is a threat to their generation, but fewer than one in five are willing to give up their smartphones to help, a recent poll found. More college students would sacrifice having children and eating meat before giving up their cellphones.

The poll, facilitated by Echelon Insights, asked 812 college students in mid-July about a wide variety of topics, including environmental issues. According to the poll, 86 percent believe climate change is happening, and nearly two thirds, 67 percent, believe it is a threat for their generation. But when asked what they are willing to give up or significantly cut down on to “help mitigate climate change," only one in five - or 13 percent - chose their smartphones.

Anthony Watts, senior fellow for environment and climate at the Heartland Institute, said the results did not surprise him. He said giving up a smartphone - “essentially a visual stimulation drug” - is like trying to end a drug addiction, and it isn’t surprising that students are more willing to sacrifice almost anything else.

Gráfico de barras 'Willing to give up or significantly cut down on to mitigate climate change' (College): Gas powered cars 58%; Gas stoves 48%; Airplane travel 39%; Social media 25%; Having children 30%; Meat 26%; Air conditioning/heating 17%; Smart phones 13%; None of the above 11%.

Gráfico de barras 'Willing to give up or significantly cut down on to mitigate climate change' (College): Gas powered cars 58%; Gas stoves 48%; Airplane travel 39%; Social media 25%; Having children 30%; Meat 26%; Air conditioning/heating 17%; Smart phones 13%; None of the above 11%.

Adapted from <https://www.thecollegefix.com/more-college-students-would-give-up-having-children-eating-meat-than-cellphones-to-help-climate-poll/>

It is correct to infer that the poll:

Selecione uma alternativa A) interviewed more than eight thousand individuals. B) was conducted with American high-school students. C) showed surprising results, according to Anthony Watts. D) included various topics, in addition to environmental issues. E) was carried out on 08/13/2023, by Young America’s Foundation.

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Texto-base:
Read text IV to answer questions 32 and 33.

TEXT IV

Fewer than 1 in 5 would give up their smartphone to mitigate climate change, YAF poll found

According to a poll published on Aug. 13, 2023 from the Young America’s Foundation, two thirds of college students believe climate change is a threat to their generation, but fewer than one in five are willing to give up their smartphones to help, a recent poll found. More college students would sacrifice having children and eating meat before giving up their cellphones.

The poll, facilitated by Echelon Insights, asked 812 college students in mid-July about a wide variety of topics, including environmental issues. According to the poll, 86 percent believe climate change is happening, and nearly two thirds, 67 percent, believe it is a threat for their generation. But when asked what they are willing to give up or significantly cut down on to “help mitigate climate change," only one in five - or 13 percent - chose their smartphones.

Anthony Watts, senior fellow for environment and climate at the Heartland Institute, said the results did not surprise him. He said giving up a smartphone - “essentially a visual stimulation drug” - is like trying to end a drug addiction, and it isn’t surprising that students are more willing to sacrifice almost anything else.

Gráfico de barras 'Willing to give up or significantly cut down on to mitigate climate change' (College): Gas powered cars 58%; Gas stoves 48%; Airplane travel 39%; Social media 25%; Having children 30%; Meat 26%; Air conditioning/heating 17%; Smart phones 13%; None of the above 11%.

Adapted from <https://www.thecollegefix.com/more-college-students-would-give-up-having-children-eating-meat-than-cellphones-to-help-climate-poll/>

Among the students asked in the poll:

Selecione uma alternativa A) 26% said they would never give up eating meat. B) 67% said they don’t believe climate change exists. C) almost 50% said they would sacrifice gas powered cars. D) 11% said they are not willing to give up any of the options. E) fewer than 30% said they may abstain from having children.

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Texto-base:
Read text V to answer questions 34 and 35.

TEXT V

US considers 'sun blocking' to cool the Earth

It sounds like something out of a sci-fi novel, but some researchers want to cool the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space. Sun blocking' technologies - also known as solar radiation modification (SRM) - could theoretically cool down the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space. One idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles into the upper atmosphere. This process of 'stratospheric aerosol injection' would involve planes spraying an aerosol like sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere. This mist of particles would reflect the sun back upwards, shading the earth. The method has already worked - although accidentally. When Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991, it released thousands of tons of sulfur dioxide. The global temperature temporarily dropped by 0.5°C. In September 2022, researchers at Yale University argued that the injection method could hypothetically refreeze the poles.
A White House report published last Friday confirms that the US is open to researching SRM. "A programme of research into the scientific and societal implications of solar radiation modification (SRM) would enable better-informed decisions about the potential risks and benefits of SRM as a component of climate policy, alongside the foundational elements of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and adaptation," it says. However, the report also clarifies that no decision has been made to "establish a comprehensive research programme focused on solar radiation modification."
In February, several news outlets reported that the UN wanted to 'explore' this technique. This could give the impression that the organisation had approved sun blocking as a viable tool to fight climate change. Unfortunately for tech enthusiasts, this is not the case. The UN Environmental Program's recent report into SRM concludes that it is not currently a realistic or wise plan. "UNEP concurs with the panel that, at present, large-scale, or operational deployment of SRM technologies is not necessary, viable, prudent or sufficiently safe, given the limited scientific understanding and uncertainty about the potential impacts and unintended consequences," says UNEP's Chief Scientist Andrea Hinwood. "The review concludes that SRM cannot replace reducing greenhouse gas emissions." Nonetheless, the body doesn't rule out the method altogether, with the report concluding that their assessment of the technique "may change should climate actions remain insufficient".

Adapted from https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/07/05/sun-blockers-us-scientists-aim-to-cool-the-earth-by-reflecting-sunlight-into-space

It may be inferred from the text that solar radiation modification:

Selecione uma alternativa A) is the only short-term solution to cool the earth. B) has been highly tested and is considered effective. C) has been approved by the UN to fight climate changes. D) may be used if current climate actions are not sufficient. E) will take the place of greenhouse gas emissions reduction.

Resolução comentada

A SRM pode ser reconsiderada se as ações climáticas forem insuficientes.

O último trecho diz que a avaliação do UNEP 'may change should climate actions remain insufficient'. Infere-se que a SRM pode vir a ser usada se as ações atuais não bastarem.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: o texto não a trata como única solução de curto prazo. B) Errada: ela é pouco testada, e o único 'teste' foi acidental, com Pinatubo. C) Errada: a ONU não a aprovou, apenas quis 'explorar' a técnica. E) Errada: o texto afirma que a SRM não pode substituir a redução de emissões.

Referência: Texto V, 3º parágrafo.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Gêneros Textuais

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Texto-base:
Read text V to answer questions 34 and 35.

TEXT V

US considers 'sun blocking' to cool the Earth

It sounds like something out of a sci-fi novel, but some researchers want to cool the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space. Sun blocking' technologies - also known as solar radiation modification (SRM) - could theoretically cool down the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space. One idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles into the upper atmosphere. This process of 'stratospheric aerosol injection' would involve planes spraying an aerosol like sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere. This mist of particles would reflect the sun back upwards, shading the earth. The method has already worked - although accidentally. When Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991, it released thousands of tons of sulfur dioxide. The global temperature temporarily dropped by 0.5°C. In September 2022, researchers at Yale University argued that the injection method could hypothetically refreeze the poles.
A White House report published last Friday confirms that the US is open to researching SRM. "A programme of research into the scientific and societal implications of solar radiation modification (SRM) would enable better-informed decisions about the potential risks and benefits of SRM as a component of climate policy, alongside the foundational elements of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and adaptation," it says. However, the report also clarifies that no decision has been made to "establish a comprehensive research programme focused on solar radiation modification."
In February, several news outlets reported that the UN wanted to 'explore' this technique. This could give the impression that the organisation had approved sun blocking as a viable tool to fight climate change. Unfortunately for tech enthusiasts, this is not the case. The UN Environmental Program's recent report into SRM concludes that it is not currently a realistic or wise plan. "UNEP concurs with the panel that, at present, large-scale, or operational deployment of SRM technologies is not necessary, viable, prudent or sufficiently safe, given the limited scientific understanding and uncertainty about the potential impacts and unintended consequences," says UNEP's Chief Scientist Andrea Hinwood. "The review concludes that SRM cannot replace reducing greenhouse gas emissions." Nonetheless, the body doesn't rule out the method altogether, with the report concluding that their assessment of the technique "may change should climate actions remain insufficient".

Adapted from https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/07/05/sun-blockers-us-scientists-aim-to-cool-the-earth-by-reflecting-sunlight-into-space

What type of text is it?

Selecione uma alternativa A) A news article. B) An advertisement. C) An opinion column. D) A book review. E) A short story.

Resolução comentada

O gênero do texto é notícia (news article).

O texto tem manchete, informa fatos recentes (relatório da Casa Branca, relatório do UNEP), cita fontes e usa linguagem objetiva. Essas são características de uma notícia, publicada no Euronews.

Análise das alternativas

B) Errada: não há intenção de vender nada. C) Errada: não é uma coluna de opinião, pois reporta posições de instituições. D) Errada: não resenha nenhum livro; a menção à ficção científica é só uma comparação. E) Errada: não é narrativa ficcional.

Referência: Texto V (Euronews, 2023).

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Vocabulário — Polissemia

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Texto-base:
Read text VI to answer question 36.

TEXT VI

Imagem com fundo escuro e o texto 'MAKE EARTH COOL AGAIN' acima de uma representação do planeta Terra.

Imagem com fundo escuro e o texto 'MAKE EARTH COOL AGAIN' acima de uma representação do planeta Terra.

In the picture about global warming, the word “cool” is used in multiple senses. Say which definitions are applicable and then mark the correct option.

I- Calm, free of tensions.
II- Lacking enthusiasm; unfriendly.
III- Become or cause to become less hot.
IV- Good or acceptable.

Selecione uma alternativa A) Only I, II and III. B) Only I, III and IV. C) Only II, III and IV. D) Only II and III. E) Only I and IV.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Read text VII to answer questions 37 to 40.

TEXT VII

“Divergent” is a dark and thrilling series of young adult science fiction books by American novelist Veronica Roth. The trilogy consists of “Divergent” (2011), “Insurgent” (2012), and “Allegiant” (2013), which were later adapted into 3 films.
It is set in a post-apocalyptic dystopian Chicago that has separated its population into five Factions, each defined by certain values. The Factions are Dauntless (the brave), Amity (the kind), Erudite (the intelligent), Abnegation (the selfless), and Candor (the honest). Each year, teenagers of a certain age take a placement test and then choose the Faction to which they will devote the rest of their lives. In Chapter 1, we are introduced to Beatrice Prior, who later changes her name to Tris, the protagonist and narrator of the story. As she sits in front of a mirror while her mother cuts her hair, she reflects on the life challenges she will have to face soon.

Chapter 1
THERE IS ONE mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows us to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair.
I sit on the stool and my mother stands behind me with the scissors, trimming. The strands fall on the floor in a dull, blond ring.
When she finishes, she pulls my hair away from my face and twists it into a knot. I note how calm she looks and how focused she is. She is well-practiced in the art of losing herself. I can't say the same of myself.
I sneak a look at my reflection when she isn't paying attention-not for the sake of vanity, but out of curiosity. A lot can happen to a person’s appearance in three months. In my reflection, I see a narrow face, wide, round eyes, and a long, thin nose - I still look like a little girl, though sometime in the last few months I turned sixteen. The other factions celebrate birthdays, but we don’t. It would be self-indulgent.
(...) “So today is the day,” she says.
“ Yes,” I reply.
“Are you nervous?”
I stare into my own eyes for a moment. Today is the day of the Aptitude test that will show me which of the five factions I belong in. And tomorrow, at the Choosing Ceremony, I will decide on a faction; I will decide the rest of my life; I will decide to stay with my family or abandon them.
“No,” I say. “The tests don’t have to change our choices.”
“Right.” She smiles. “Let’s go eat breakfast.”
“Thank you. For cutting my hair.”
She kisses my cheek and slides the panel over the mirror. I think my mother could be beautiful, in a different world. Her body is thin beneath the gray robe. She has high cheekbones and long eyelashes, and when she lets her hair down at night, it hangs in waves over her shoulders. But she must hide that beauty in Abnegation.
We walk together to the kitchen. On these mornings when my brother makes breakfast, and my father’s hand skims my hair as he reads the newspaper, and my mother hums as she clears the table - it is on these mornings that I feel guiltiest for wanting to leave them.

Adapted from https://genius.com/Veronica-roth-divergent-chapter-1-annotated

All the statements below are correct about “Divergent” EXCEPT for:

Selecione uma alternativa A) its central character is a young woman. B) it was written by a female American author. C) it is a violent and dull book for young adults. D) its plot is set in a post-apocalyptic American city. E) it is a sci-fi book series later adapted into three movies.

Resolução comentada

Questão EXCEPT: Divergent não é descrito como livro 'dull'.

O texto descreve a série como 'dark and thrilling', não como 'violent and dull'. Dull (entediante) contradiz thrilling (emocionante), então a alternativa C é a única incorreta.

Análise das alternativas

A) Correta: a protagonista, Tris, é uma jovem. B) Correta: Veronica Roth é uma novelista americana. D) Correta: a história se passa em uma Chicago pós-apocalíptica. E) Correta: é uma série de ficção científica adaptada em 3 filmes.

Referência: Texto VII, 1º e 2º parágrafos.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Read text VII to answer questions 37 to 40.

TEXT VII

“Divergent” is a dark and thrilling series of young adult science fiction books by American novelist Veronica Roth. The trilogy consists of “Divergent” (2011), “Insurgent” (2012), and “Allegiant” (2013), which were later adapted into 3 films.
It is set in a post-apocalyptic dystopian Chicago that has separated its population into five Factions, each defined by certain values. The Factions are Dauntless (the brave), Amity (the kind), Erudite (the intelligent), Abnegation (the selfless), and Candor (the honest). Each year, teenagers of a certain age take a placement test and then choose the Faction to which they will devote the rest of their lives. In Chapter 1, we are introduced to Beatrice Prior, who later changes her name to Tris, the protagonist and narrator of the story. As she sits in front of a mirror while her mother cuts her hair, she reflects on the life challenges she will have to face soon.

Chapter 1
THERE IS ONE mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows us to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair.
I sit on the stool and my mother stands behind me with the scissors, trimming. The strands fall on the floor in a dull, blond ring.
When she finishes, she pulls my hair away from my face and twists it into a knot. I note how calm she looks and how focused she is. She is well-practiced in the art of losing herself. I can't say the same of myself.
I sneak a look at my reflection when she isn't paying attention-not for the sake of vanity, but out of curiosity. A lot can happen to a person’s appearance in three months. In my reflection, I see a narrow face, wide, round eyes, and a long, thin nose - I still look like a little girl, though sometime in the last few months I turned sixteen. The other factions celebrate birthdays, but we don’t. It would be self-indulgent.
(...) “So today is the day,” she says.
“ Yes,” I reply.
“Are you nervous?”
I stare into my own eyes for a moment. Today is the day of the Aptitude test that will show me which of the five factions I belong in. And tomorrow, at the Choosing Ceremony, I will decide on a faction; I will decide the rest of my life; I will decide to stay with my family or abandon them.
“No,” I say. “The tests don’t have to change our choices.”
“Right.” She smiles. “Let’s go eat breakfast.”
“Thank you. For cutting my hair.”
She kisses my cheek and slides the panel over the mirror. I think my mother could be beautiful, in a different world. Her body is thin beneath the gray robe. She has high cheekbones and long eyelashes, and when she lets her hair down at night, it hangs in waves over her shoulders. But she must hide that beauty in Abnegation.
We walk together to the kitchen. On these mornings when my brother makes breakfast, and my father’s hand skims my hair as he reads the newspaper, and my mother hums as she clears the table - it is on these mornings that I feel guiltiest for wanting to leave them.

Adapted from https://genius.com/Veronica-roth-divergent-chapter-1-annotated

It is correct to infer that people from Abnegation:

Selecione uma alternativa A) should not be altruistic. B) may have birthday parties. C) can do whatever they feel like. D) are not allowed to show their beauty. E) can use a mirror only three times a year.

Resolução comentada

Inferência sobre a facção Abnegation: a beleza deve ser escondida.

No final do trecho, Tris diz que a mãe poderia ser bonita em outro mundo, mas 'must hide that beauty in Abnegation'. Logo, os membros da Abnegation não podem mostrar sua beleza.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: Abnegation é a facção dos abnegados (altruístas), e deveriam ser altruístas. B) Errada: 'we don't' celebrate birthdays, pois seria 'self-indulgent'. C) Errada: há muitas restrições, como o espelho, os aniversários e a beleza. E) Errada: o espelho pode ser usado uma vez a cada três meses, ou seja, quatro vezes ao ano, e não três.

Referência: Texto VII (Divergent, cap. 1), com base em Veronica Roth.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Verbos Modais

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Texto-base:
Read text VII to answer questions 37 to 40.

TEXT VII

“Divergent” is a dark and thrilling series of young adult science fiction books by American novelist Veronica Roth. The trilogy consists of “Divergent” (2011), “Insurgent” (2012), and “Allegiant” (2013), which were later adapted into 3 films.
It is set in a post-apocalyptic dystopian Chicago that has separated its population into five Factions, each defined by certain values. The Factions are Dauntless (the brave), Amity (the kind), Erudite (the intelligent), Abnegation (the selfless), and Candor (the honest). Each year, teenagers of a certain age take a placement test and then choose the Faction to which they will devote the rest of their lives. In Chapter 1, we are introduced to Beatrice Prior, who later changes her name to Tris, the protagonist and narrator of the story. As she sits in front of a mirror while her mother cuts her hair, she reflects on the life challenges she will have to face soon.

Chapter 1
THERE IS ONE mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows us to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair.
I sit on the stool and my mother stands behind me with the scissors, trimming. The strands fall on the floor in a dull, blond ring.
When she finishes, she pulls my hair away from my face and twists it into a knot. I note how calm she looks and how focused she is. She is well-practiced in the art of losing herself. I can't say the same of myself.
I sneak a look at my reflection when she isn't paying attention-not for the sake of vanity, but out of curiosity. A lot can happen to a person’s appearance in three months. In my reflection, I see a narrow face, wide, round eyes, and a long, thin nose - I still look like a little girl, though sometime in the last few months I turned sixteen. The other factions celebrate birthdays, but we don’t. It would be self-indulgent.
(...) “So today is the day,” she says.
“ Yes,” I reply.
“Are you nervous?”
I stare into my own eyes for a moment. Today is the day of the Aptitude test that will show me which of the five factions I belong in. And tomorrow, at the Choosing Ceremony, I will decide on a faction; I will decide the rest of my life; I will decide to stay with my family or abandon them.
“No,” I say. “The tests don’t have to change our choices.”
“Right.” She smiles. “Let’s go eat breakfast.”
“Thank you. For cutting my hair.”
She kisses my cheek and slides the panel over the mirror. I think my mother could be beautiful, in a different world. Her body is thin beneath the gray robe. She has high cheekbones and long eyelashes, and when she lets her hair down at night, it hangs in waves over her shoulders. But she must hide that beauty in Abnegation.
We walk together to the kitchen. On these mornings when my brother makes breakfast, and my father’s hand skims my hair as he reads the newspaper, and my mother hums as she clears the table - it is on these mornings that I feel guiltiest for wanting to leave them.

Adapted from https://genius.com/Veronica-roth-divergent-chapter-1-annotated

In the sentence, “The tests don’t have to change our choices” (Chapter 1, line 29), “don’t have to” implies “no obligation”. Which modal verb expresses the opposite idea of “don’t have to”?

Resolução comentada

O oposto de "don't have to" (ausência de obrigação) é "must" (obrigação).

"Don't have to" indica ausência de obrigação, e o verbo modal que expressa obrigação é "must". Por isso a B é a correta.

Análise das alternativas

A) Can e E) could indicam habilidade ou possibilidade. C) Might e D) may indicam possibilidade ou permissão, e não obrigação.

Referência: Modal verbs: obligation and lack of obligation.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

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Texto-base:
Read text VII to answer questions 37 to 40.

TEXT VII

“Divergent” is a dark and thrilling series of young adult science fiction books by American novelist Veronica Roth. The trilogy consists of “Divergent” (2011), “Insurgent” (2012), and “Allegiant” (2013), which were later adapted into 3 films.
It is set in a post-apocalyptic dystopian Chicago that has separated its population into five Factions, each defined by certain values. The Factions are Dauntless (the brave), Amity (the kind), Erudite (the intelligent), Abnegation (the selfless), and Candor (the honest). Each year, teenagers of a certain age take a placement test and then choose the Faction to which they will devote the rest of their lives. In Chapter 1, we are introduced to Beatrice Prior, who later changes her name to Tris, the protagonist and narrator of the story. As she sits in front of a mirror while her mother cuts her hair, she reflects on the life challenges she will have to face soon.

Chapter 1
THERE IS ONE mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows us to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair.
I sit on the stool and my mother stands behind me with the scissors, trimming. The strands fall on the floor in a dull, blond ring.
When she finishes, she pulls my hair away from my face and twists it into a knot. I note how calm she looks and how focused she is. She is well-practiced in the art of losing herself. I can't say the same of myself.
I sneak a look at my reflection when she isn't paying attention-not for the sake of vanity, but out of curiosity. A lot can happen to a person’s appearance in three months. In my reflection, I see a narrow face, wide, round eyes, and a long, thin nose - I still look like a little girl, though sometime in the last few months I turned sixteen. The other factions celebrate birthdays, but we don’t. It would be self-indulgent.
(...) “So today is the day,” she says.
“ Yes,” I reply.
“Are you nervous?”
I stare into my own eyes for a moment. Today is the day of the Aptitude test that will show me which of the five factions I belong in. And tomorrow, at the Choosing Ceremony, I will decide on a faction; I will decide the rest of my life; I will decide to stay with my family or abandon them.
“No,” I say. “The tests don’t have to change our choices.”
“Right.” She smiles. “Let’s go eat breakfast.”
“Thank you. For cutting my hair.”
She kisses my cheek and slides the panel over the mirror. I think my mother could be beautiful, in a different world. Her body is thin beneath the gray robe. She has high cheekbones and long eyelashes, and when she lets her hair down at night, it hangs in waves over her shoulders. But she must hide that beauty in Abnegation.
We walk together to the kitchen. On these mornings when my brother makes breakfast, and my father’s hand skims my hair as he reads the newspaper, and my mother hums as she clears the table - it is on these mornings that I feel guiltiest for wanting to leave them.

Adapted from https://genius.com/Veronica-roth-divergent-chapter-1-annotated

It is correct to state that Tris:

Selecione uma alternativa A) is going to turn sixteen in a few months. B) is a calm, focused person, like her mother. C) has already decided not to abandon her family. D) is blond, has wide, round eyes, and a thin nose. E) feels comfortable about choosing another faction.

Resolução comentada

Tris é loira, tem olhos grandes e redondos e nariz fino.

O texto descreve o cabelo loiro ("dull, blond ring"), os olhos grandes e redondos ("wide, round eyes") e o nariz longo e fino ("long, thin nose"). Isso corresponde à D.

Análise das alternativas

A) Ela já fez dezesseis anos nos últimos meses. B) Ela observa que a mãe é calma e focada e diz "I can't say the same of myself". C) Ela ainda vai decidir, na cerimônia do dia seguinte. E) Ela sente culpa por querer deixar a família, e não conforto.

Referência: Veronica Roth, Divergent, cap. 1.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.