Provas – VaiConcursos

História História Geral — Revolução Industrial

EsPCEx 2014

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“O acúmulo de capitais, a modernização da agricultura, a disponibilidade de mão de obra e de recursos naturais e a força do puritanismo ajudam a explicar o pioneirismo da ____________ na Revolução Industrial”.(BOULOS Jr, p.421)
Das opções abaixo listadas, o país que melhor preenche o espaço acima é:

Resolução comentada

A Inglaterra foi o país pioneiro da Revolução Industrial.

A Inglaterra reunia capitais acumulados pelo comércio colonial, a agricultura modernizada pelos cercamentos, mão de obra disponível, carvão e ferro abundantes e o ethos puritano. Esses fatores explicam o pioneirismo inglês no século XVIII.

Análise das alternativas

A, B, C e E) Erradas: Alemanha e Itália só se industrializaram mais tarde, depois de sua unificação. Holanda e Espanha não reuniram esse conjunto de condições nem lideraram o processo.

Referência: História Geral – Revolução Industrial

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

História História do Brasil — Período Pré-Colonial

EsPCEx 2014

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“Os primeiros trinta anos da História do Brasil são conhecidos como período Pré-Colonial. Nesse período, a coroa portuguesa iniciou a dominação das terras brasileiras, sem no entanto, traçar um plano de ocupação efetiva, […] A atenção da burguesia metropolitana e do governo português estavam voltados para o comércio com o Oriente, que desde a viagem de Vasco da Gama, no final do século XV, havia sido monopolizado pelo Estado português. […] O desinteresse português em relação ao Brasil estava em conformidade com os interesses mercantilistas da época, como observou o navegante Américo Vespúcio, após a exploração do litoral brasileiro, pode-se dizer que não encontramos nada de proveito”.(Berutti,2004)
Sobre o período retratado no texto, pode-se afirmar que o(a)

Selecione uma alternativa A) desinteresse português pelo Brasil nos primeiros anos de colonização, deu-se em decorrência dos tratados comerciais assinados com a Espanha, que tinha prioridade pela exploração de terras situadas a oeste de Greenwich. B) maior distância marítima era a maior desvantagem brasileira em relação ao comércio com as Índias. C) desinteresse português pode ser melhor explicado pela resistência oferecida pelos indígenas que dificultavam o desembarque e o reconhecimento das novas terras. D) abertura de um novo mercado na América do Sul, ampliava as possibilidades de lucro da burguesia metropolitana portuguesa. E) relativo descaso português pelo Brasil, nos primeiros trinta anos de História, explica-se pela aparente inexistência de artigos (ou produtos) que atendiam aos interesses daqueles que patrocinavam as expedições.

Resolução comentada

O desinteresse inicial de Portugal pelo Brasil se explica pela falta de produtos lucrativos imediatos, em contraste com o comércio oriental.

No período pré-colonial, a Coroa priorizava o lucrativo comércio de especiarias com as Índias. O Brasil não oferecia produtos de valor imediato, salvo o pau-brasil, explorado por feitorias. Isso condiz com a lógica mercantilista e com a frase de Vespúcio no texto.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: o Tratado de Tordesilhas dividia as terras por um meridiano a oeste de Cabo Verde, não de Greenwich. B) Errada: a distância não é o fator central apontado no texto. C) Errada: a resistência indígena não é a explicação principal do desinteresse. D) Errada: o texto diz justamente que não se viu proveito na nova terra.

Referência: História do Brasil – Período Pré-Colonial (1500-1530)

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

História História Geral — Revolução Francesa

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A Revolução Francesa teve início em 1789. Neste processo a(o)

Selecione uma alternativa A) Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, representando interesses das classes populares, foi responsável por abolir a escravidão, por acabar com os privilégios do clero e da nobreza e por instituir o voto universal. B) partir de 1792, os girondinos deram início ao Período do Terror, executando milhares de pessoas acusadas de serem contrarrevolucionários. C) Diretório foi um governo que conseguiu conciliar diferentes interesses, obtendo o apoio dos jacobinos, através de medidas populares como o tabelamento de preços de alimentos, e da alta burguesia, estimulando o desenvolvimento da indústria de algodão. D) 18 Brumário foi um golpe de estado que recebeu o apoio de um grupo político-militar e foi responsável por consolidar os interesses burgueses na França. E) Convenção Nacional teve início com a tomada da Bastilha, símbolo da arbitrariedade do poder real e pôs fim ao absolutismo francês, limitando o poder do rei com a instauração de uma monarquia constitucional.

Resolução comentada

O 18 Brumário (1799) foi o golpe que levou Napoleão ao poder e consolidou os interesses da burguesia.

O golpe do 18 Brumário (novembro de 1799) derrubou o Diretório com apoio de setores políticos e militares, entre eles Sieyès e Napoleão. Ele encerrou a fase revolucionária e garantiu a ordem e a propriedade burguesas.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: a Constituinte representou a burguesia, manteve o voto censitário e não aboliu a escravidão metropolitana. B) Errada: o Terror (1793-94) foi conduzido pelos jacobinos, não pelos girondinos. C) Errada: o Diretório (1795-99) foi instável e conservador, e o tabelamento de preços foi medida jacobina. E) Errada: a Convenção começou em 1792 e instituiu a República. A tomada da Bastilha (1789) foi anterior.

Referência: História Geral – Revolução Francesa e Era Napoleônica

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

História História do Brasil — Era Vargas e Governo JK (Nacionalismo e Industrialização)

EsPCEx 2014

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Leia as afirmações abaixo relacionadas ao Brasil.
I- O Estado devia associar-se ao capital privado nacional e estrangeiro, para promover a industrialização acelerada do país.
II- O Estado devia intervir na economia, controlando as indústrias de base e os setores de energia, comunicações e transporte.
III- O governo devia limitar a remessa de lucros.
IV- O governo buscava atrair capitais estrangeiros, concedendo às empresas multinacionais facilidades para importar maquinário e isenção de impostos por vários anos.
Pode-se afirmar que as medidas

Selecione uma alternativa A) I e IV são características do nacionalismo de Vargas, e II e III são características do nacionalismo desenvolvimentista de Juscelino Kubitschek. B) I e IV são características do nacionalismo desenvolvimentista de Juscelino Kubitschek, e II e III são características nacionalismo de Vargas. C) I e III são características da industrialização com limitação da remessa de lucros de Juscelino Kubitschek, e II e IV são características do nacionalismo limitado de Getúlio. D) I e III são características da política industrial de Getúlio Vargas no pós-II Guerra Mundial, e II e IV correspondem ao nacionalismo desenvolvimentista de Juscelino Kubitschek. E) I, III e IV são características da política industrial de Juscelino Kubitschek incluídas no Plano de Metas, e a característica II pertence ao nacionalismo pragmático de Getúlio Vargas.

Resolução comentada

Nacionalismo de Vargas versus desenvolvimentismo de JK.

Vargas defendia a intervenção estatal nas indústrias de base e em energia, comunicações e transporte, além de limitar a remessa de lucros (II e III). JK, com o Plano de Metas, associou o Estado ao capital privado nacional e estrangeiro e atraiu multinacionais com facilidades e isenções (I e IV).

Análise das alternativas

A) Inverte os governos. C) Atribui a JK a limitação de remessa de lucros e a Vargas a abertura ao capital estrangeiro, o que é inverso. D) Mistura características. E) Atribui a JK a limitação de lucros e deixa o resto de fora de Vargas, o que é incorreto.

Referência: História do Brasil — Era Vargas e Governo JK

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Vocabulário em Contexto

EsPCEx 2014

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Texto-base:
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers.
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both competence and character in a richer way”.
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and regulations on a routine basis”.
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs. The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations.
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General Dempsey said.
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us

According to the Macmillan English Dictionary Online, the word issue has the following definitions. Read them and answer the question below.
1. a problem that needs to be considered.
2. a magazine that is published at a particular time.
3. a set of things that are available to people at a particular time.
4. (formal) the act of officially giving something to someone.
5. (legal) someone’s children.

According to the text, which definition above corresponds to issue in the sentence “...he was disturbed about the misconduct issues...” (paragraph 2)?

Resolução comentada

Sentido de 'issue' em 'misconduct issues'.

'Misconduct issues' são questões ou problemas de má conduta, ou seja, algo que precisa ser considerado. Isso corresponde à definição 1, 'a problem that needs to be considered'.

Análise das alternativas

2 refere-se a edição de revista. 3 a conjunto de coisas disponíveis. 4 ao ato de emitir algo oficialmente. 5 a descendência. Nenhum se aplica ao contexto.

Referência: Texto: Military Officers Face a New Evaluation

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Sinônimos

EsPCEx 2014

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Texto-base:
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers.
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both competence and character in a richer way”.
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and regulations on a routine basis”.
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs. The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations.
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General Dempsey said.
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us

Which word is a synonym for evaluations in the text?

Selecione uma alternativa A) Applications. B) Regulations. C) Infractions. D) Assessments. E) Procedures.

Resolução comentada

Sinônimo de 'evaluations'.

No segundo parágrafo, o texto fala em 'evaluations of top officers' e em 'traditional assessment'. 'Assessments' é o sinônimo de 'evaluations', e o próprio texto usa 'assessments' no quarto parágrafo.

Análise das alternativas

A) Applications significa aplicações ou candidaturas. B) Regulations são regulamentos. C) Infractions são infrações. E) Procedures são procedimentos.

Referência: Texto: Military Officers Face a New Evaluation

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Conectivos e Marcadores Discursivos

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

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Texto-base:
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers.
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both competence and character in a richer way”.
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and regulations on a routine basis”.
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs. The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations.
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General Dempsey said.
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us

In the sentence “Conversely, you can have...” (paragraph 3), the word conversely indicates that the two situations described in the paragraph

Selecione uma alternativa A) have similar elements. B) have opposite elements. C) have identical elements. D) have chronological elements. E) have unbelievable elements.

Resolução comentada

Sentido de 'conversely'.

'Conversely' significa 'inversamente' ou 'ao contrário'. No parágrafo, primeiro vem alguém de caráter sem competência, depois alguém competente sem caráter, situações opostas.

Análise das alternativas

A e C) As situações são inversas, não semelhantes ou idênticas. D) Não há ordem cronológica. E) Nada indica que sejam inacreditáveis.

Referência: Texto: Military Officers Face a New Evaluation

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Compreensão Detalhada

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

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Texto-base:
Military Officers Face a New Evaluation
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers.
Saying he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both competence and character in a richer way”.
“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “Conversely, you can have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”
General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and regulations on a routine basis”.
Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs. The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations.
“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General Dempsey said.
Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us

According to the text, a 360-degree performance evaluation (paragraph 4)

Selecione uma alternativa A) is a periodic evaluation that rotates 360 degrees. B) is a periodic evaluation that lasts 360 days. C) includes the opinions of an immediate work circle. D) is an evaluation that certainly prevents infractions. E) includes only the opinions of superior officers.

Resolução comentada

O que é a avaliação de 360 graus.

O texto diz que a avaliação de 360 graus inclui feedback de subordinados, pares e superiores. Ou seja, abrange as opiniões do círculo imediato de trabalho.

Análise das alternativas

A e B) 360 refere-se à abrangência das fontes, não à rotação ou a dias. D) O texto diz que pode ser impossível prevenir infrações. E) Inclui também subordinados e pares.

Referência: Texto: Military Officers Face a New Evaluation

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Compreensão Detalhada

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

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Texto-base:
Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World War Two ended and spent 29 years in the jungle has died aged 91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang Island near Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did not believe that the war had ended. He was finally persuaded to emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown in to see him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to Japan.
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command he obeyed for nearly three decades. “I became an officer and I received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel shame. I am very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers were with him at the end of the war. One emerged from the jungle in 1950 and the other two died.
Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender. He later said that he dismissed search parties sent to him, and leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended. Though Onoda had been officially declared dead in December 1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last person from his group was killed by local police, but they did not find him. Onoda was now alone.
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki, found Onoda after four days of searching. They became friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was waiting for orders from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as proof of their encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s commanding officer, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda and rescinded his original orders in person.
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although many in Lubang never forgave him for killing 30 people during his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this and other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return home.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25772192
and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I) Hiroo Onoda was in the jungle for 29 years.
II) Hiroo Onoda was abandoned in the jungle by his country after the war ended.
III) Hiroo Onoda tried to go back home many times.
IV) Hiroo Onoda had another soldier with him until 1972.
V) Hiroo Onoda was admired by people in Lubang.

Selecione uma alternativa A) III and V are correct. B) I and II are correct. C) I and IV are correct. D) I and III are correct E) All of them are correct.

Resolução comentada

Afirmações corretas sobre Onoda.

I está correta: o texto diz que ele passou 29 anos na selva. IV está correta: o último companheiro do grupo foi morto em 1972. II é falsa porque ele recusou se render e o governo enviou buscas. III é falsa porque ele não tentou voltar. V é falsa porque muitos em Lubang nunca o perdoaram.

Análise das alternativas

A) III e V são falsas. B) II é falsa. D) III é falsa. E) Há afirmações falsas.

Referência: Texto: Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Referência Pronominal

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

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Texto-base:
Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies
A Japanese soldier who refused to surrender after World War Two ended and spent 29 years in the jungle has died aged 91 in Tokyo. Hiroo Onoda remained in the jungle on Lubang Island near Luzon, in the Philippines, until 1974 because he did not believe that the war had ended. He was finally persuaded to emerge after his ageing former commanding officer was flown in to see him. Onoda was greeted as a hero on his return to Japan.
The young soldier had orders not to surrender - a command he obeyed for nearly three decades. “I became an officer and I received an order. If I could not carry it out, I would feel shame. I am very competitive”, he said. Three other soldiers were with him at the end of the war. One emerged from the jungle in 1950 and the other two died.
Mr Onoda ignored several attempts to get him to surrender. He later said that he dismissed search parties sent to him, and leaflets dropped by Japan, because there was always something suspicious, so he never believed that the war had really ended. Though Onoda had been officially declared dead in December 1959, search parties were sent out in 1972, when the last person from his group was killed by local police, but they did not find him. Onoda was now alone.
On February 20, 1974, a Japanese man, Norio Suzuki, found Onoda after four days of searching. They became friends, but Onoda still refused to surrender, saying that he was waiting for orders from a superior officer. Suzuki returned to Japan with photographs of himself and Onoda as proof of their encounter, and the Japanese government located Onoda’s commanding officer, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi. He flew to Lubang where on March 9, 1974, he finally met with Onoda and rescinded his original orders in person.
The Philippine government granted him a pardon, although many in Lubang never forgave him for killing 30 people during his campaign on the island. The news media reported on this and other misgivings, but at the same time welcomed his return home.
Adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25772192
and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroo_Onoda

In the sentence “The news media reported on this and other misgivings...” (paragraph 5), this refers to

Selecione uma alternativa A) other misgivings. B) killing 30 people. C) so much attention. D) the Philippine government. E) original orders.

Resolução comentada

Referente de 'this' em 'reported on this'.

A frase anterior diz que muitos em Lubang nunca o perdoaram por matar 30 pessoas. 'This' retoma essa ideia, 'killing 30 people', e 'other misgivings' são as demais ressalvas.

Análise das alternativas

A) 'Other misgivings' aparece junto na frase, por isso 'this' é distinto. C) Não há 'so much attention' no trecho. D) O governo filipino concedeu o perdão, mas não é o referente. E) Original orders não é mencionado como objeto das ressalvas.

Referência: Texto: Japan WW2 Soldier Who Refused to Surrender Dies

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Ideia Principal

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

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Texto-base:
Brazil’s Rolezinhos – The Kids Are All Right
Shopping Metrô Itaquera, a gleaming mall amid the favelas (shantytowns) of eastern São Paulo, gained notoriety on January 11th, when the police used rubber bullets and tear gas to disperse a crowd of 3,000 youths. The youngsters were participating in a rolezinho, a gathering of tens, hundreds, and sometimes thousands of youngsters which is convened via social networks.
Mall owners and shopkeepers have reasons to be cautious. A few rolezinhos have led to muggings and robberies. But most do not end in Itaquera-like chaos: the word’s true meaning is closer to “little outing”. And theories that rolezeiros are class warriors or favela dwellers tired of the country’s veiled racism are not correct. “Their battle cry is not ‘Less oppression!’” says Renato Barreiros, who has directed a documentary about them. “It’s ‘More Adidas!’”
The point of a rolezinho is “to hang out, chill, buy nice things, meet people”, explains Vinicius Andrade, a 17-year-old from Capão Redondo, a favela in western São Paulo. He has taken part in 18 big rolezinhos and helped organise a few, drawing some of his 89,000 Facebook followers. His 15-year-old girlfriend, Yasmin Oliveira, a rolezeiro sweetheart with 94,000 fans of her own on the social network, says that shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe – an important consideration in a crime-ridden city. There are few other public venues for kids, especially in poorer neighbourhoods.
As well as air conditioning, shopping centres also confer something no open-air space can: status. Rolezeiros enjoy walking around in a branded T-shirt and bermudas, with a pair of 400-reais ($170) shades perched on a baseball cap. Vinicius confesses to spending 800-1,000 reais a month on clothes and accessories, most of what he makes as a helper at a local Adventist church. Just 8% of Itaquera shoppers enjoy a monthly income in excess of 2,780 reais. Some rolezeiros support their flashy lifestyle by reselling outmoded attire to poorer neighbours.
Shopkeepers in the local malls have mixed feelings about the gatherings. On the one hand, the youngsters make ideal clients: they often pay cash and can spend 2,000-3,000 reais in one go. On the other, larger groups can scare away customers.
Adapted from http://www.economist.com

Another title for this article could be

Selecione uma alternativa A) Youngsters in Brazil are anxious for political changes. B) Youngsters find a way to protest against social inequality. C) Social networks are the first step into indiscipline and chaos. D) Shopkeepers see a strong need for legislation against rolezinhos. E) Youngsters in shopping malls want to get attention, not political changes.

Resolução comentada

Título alternativo do texto sobre rolezinhos.

O texto desmente a teoria de que os rolezeiros são guerreiros de classe e cita que seu grito de guerra é 'More Adidas!'. Eles querem status, consumo e encontros, não mudanças políticas. Isso corresponde à alternativa E.

Análise das alternativas

A) O texto não fala de ânsia por mudanças políticas. B) Rejeita a ideia de protesto contra a desigualdade. C) Não associa redes sociais à indisciplina; a maioria dos rolezinhos não termina em caos. D) Não menciona necessidade de legislação.

Referência: Texto: Brazil's Rolezinhos

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Vocabulário em Contexto

EsPCEx 2014

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Texto-base:
Brazil’s Rolezinhos – The Kids Are All Right
Shopping Metrô Itaquera, a gleaming mall amid the favelas (shantytowns) of eastern São Paulo, gained notoriety on January 11th, when the police used rubber bullets and tear gas to disperse a crowd of 3,000 youths. The youngsters were participating in a rolezinho, a gathering of tens, hundreds, and sometimes thousands of youngsters which is convened via social networks.
Mall owners and shopkeepers have reasons to be cautious. A few rolezinhos have led to muggings and robberies. But most do not end in Itaquera-like chaos: the word’s true meaning is closer to “little outing”. And theories that rolezeiros are class warriors or favela dwellers tired of the country’s veiled racism are not correct. “Their battle cry is not ‘Less oppression!’” says Renato Barreiros, who has directed a documentary about them. “It’s ‘More Adidas!’”
The point of a rolezinho is “to hang out, chill, buy nice things, meet people”, explains Vinicius Andrade, a 17-year-old from Capão Redondo, a favela in western São Paulo. He has taken part in 18 big rolezinhos and helped organise a few, drawing some of his 89,000 Facebook followers. His 15-year-old girlfriend, Yasmin Oliveira, a rolezeiro sweetheart with 94,000 fans of her own on the social network, says that shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe – an important consideration in a crime-ridden city. There are few other public venues for kids, especially in poorer neighbourhoods.
As well as air conditioning, shopping centres also confer something no open-air space can: status. Rolezeiros enjoy walking around in a branded T-shirt and bermudas, with a pair of 400-reais ($170) shades perched on a baseball cap. Vinicius confesses to spending 800-1,000 reais a month on clothes and accessories, most of what he makes as a helper at a local Adventist church. Just 8% of Itaquera shoppers enjoy a monthly income in excess of 2,780 reais. Some rolezeiros support their flashy lifestyle by reselling outmoded attire to poorer neighbours.
Shopkeepers in the local malls have mixed feelings about the gatherings. On the one hand, the youngsters make ideal clients: they often pay cash and can spend 2,000-3,000 reais in one go. On the other, larger groups can scare away customers.
Adapted from http://www.economist.com

In the sentence “Some rolezeiros support their flashy lifestyle by reselling outmoded attire to poorer neighbours.” (paragraph 4), the expression outmoded attire means

Selecione uma alternativa A) clothes that are not fashionable anymore. B) old and slow personal computers. C) cheap shades they don’t want anymore. D) high quality fashionable accessories. E) their mothers’ clothes without permission.

Resolução comentada

Significado de 'outmoded attire'.

'Outmoded' significa fora de moda e 'attire' significa roupas, então a expressão quer dizer roupas que não estão mais na moda.

Análise das alternativas

B) Nada a ver com computadores. C) Attire é roupa, não óculos. D) Contradiz 'outmoded'. E) O texto não menciona roupas das mães.

Referência: Texto: Brazil's Rolezinhos

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Referência Pronominal

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
Brazil’s Rolezinhos – The Kids Are All Right
Shopping Metrô Itaquera, a gleaming mall amid the favelas (shantytowns) of eastern São Paulo, gained notoriety on January 11th, when the police used rubber bullets and tear gas to disperse a crowd of 3,000 youths. The youngsters were participating in a rolezinho, a gathering of tens, hundreds, and sometimes thousands of youngsters which is convened via social networks.
Mall owners and shopkeepers have reasons to be cautious. A few rolezinhos have led to muggings and robberies. But most do not end in Itaquera-like chaos: the word’s true meaning is closer to “little outing”. And theories that rolezeiros are class warriors or favela dwellers tired of the country’s veiled racism are not correct. “Their battle cry is not ‘Less oppression!’” says Renato Barreiros, who has directed a documentary about them. “It’s ‘More Adidas!’”
The point of a rolezinho is “to hang out, chill, buy nice things, meet people”, explains Vinicius Andrade, a 17-year-old from Capão Redondo, a favela in western São Paulo. He has taken part in 18 big rolezinhos and helped organise a few, drawing some of his 89,000 Facebook followers. His 15-year-old girlfriend, Yasmin Oliveira, a rolezeiro sweetheart with 94,000 fans of her own on the social network, says that shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe – an important consideration in a crime-ridden city. There are few other public venues for kids, especially in poorer neighbourhoods.
As well as air conditioning, shopping centres also confer something no open-air space can: status. Rolezeiros enjoy walking around in a branded T-shirt and bermudas, with a pair of 400-reais ($170) shades perched on a baseball cap. Vinicius confesses to spending 800-1,000 reais a month on clothes and accessories, most of what he makes as a helper at a local Adventist church. Just 8% of Itaquera shoppers enjoy a monthly income in excess of 2,780 reais. Some rolezeiros support their flashy lifestyle by reselling outmoded attire to poorer neighbours.
Shopkeepers in the local malls have mixed feelings about the gatherings. On the one hand, the youngsters make ideal clients: they often pay cash and can spend 2,000-3,000 reais in one go. On the other, larger groups can scare away customers.
Adapted from http://www.economist.com

In the sentence “...shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe...” (paragraph 3), the word they refers to

Resolução comentada

Referente de 'they'.

Em 'shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe', 'they' retoma o sujeito da oração anterior, 'shopping centres'. São os shoppings que são seguros.

Análise das alternativas

A) Fans não é o sujeito. C) Rolezeiros não é o referente gramatical. D) Kids aparece depois. E) Neighbourhoods também aparece depois.

Referência: Texto: Brazil's Rolezinhos

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Expressões Idiomáticas

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
The Phenomenon of Candy Crush: Why Is the Game So Popular?
In 2012, Candy Crush was released on Facebook and was later converted to smartphone format for people to play on the go. In 2013, the game reached real prominence and became the most popular game on Facebook. It’s no surprise then that so many people play this game on their phones. Candy Crush Saga has changed the way many of us kill time on commutes, or even in the toilet. I don’t remember the last train journey I took where at least one person wasn’t playing Candy Crush on their phone. I’m sure almost every reader of this article will have either been invited or invited others to play Candy Crush via Facebook in an effort to get more lives or even levels.
Despite being incredibly similar to many games over the years, Candy Crush Saga has added new depth to the genre, with seemingly unlimited combinations of new scenarios and concepts. So, this mixture of simplicity and variety is what makes Candy Crush so unbelievably popular.
As a result, Candy Crush Saga shows no signs of slowing down. New levels are generally released via the Facebook version every three weeks, with new levels also being made frequently available for the smartphone version. With 6.7 million active users, the developers are rumoured to be earning $633,000 per day from Candy Crush users.
Adapted from http://metro.co.uk/2013/09/27/

In the sentence “Candy Crush Saga has changed the way many of us kill time on commutes...” (paragraph 1), the expression kill time on commutes means

Selecione uma alternativa A) sleep while traveling on the bus. B) travel on business by airplane. C) work or travel on a holiday. D) do something while on a journey. E) rest or sleep on the weekend.

Resolução comentada

Significado de 'kill time on commutes'.

'Kill time' significa passar o tempo, fazer algo enquanto se espera ou se viaja. 'Commutes' são os deslocamentos diários, portanto 'do something while on a journey'.

Análise das alternativas

A) Não se trata de dormir. B) 'Commute' não é viagem de negócios de avião. C) Não se refere a feriado. E) Nada sobre descansar no fim de semana.

Referência: Texto: The Phenomenon of Candy Crush

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Inferência

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
The Phenomenon of Candy Crush: Why Is the Game So Popular?
In 2012, Candy Crush was released on Facebook and was later converted to smartphone format for people to play on the go. In 2013, the game reached real prominence and became the most popular game on Facebook. It’s no surprise then that so many people play this game on their phones. Candy Crush Saga has changed the way many of us kill time on commutes, or even in the toilet. I don’t remember the last train journey I took where at least one person wasn’t playing Candy Crush on their phone. I’m sure almost every reader of this article will have either been invited or invited others to play Candy Crush via Facebook in an effort to get more lives or even levels.
Despite being incredibly similar to many games over the years, Candy Crush Saga has added new depth to the genre, with seemingly unlimited combinations of new scenarios and concepts. So, this mixture of simplicity and variety is what makes Candy Crush so unbelievably popular.
As a result, Candy Crush Saga shows no signs of slowing down. New levels are generally released via the Facebook version every three weeks, with new levels also being made frequently available for the smartphone version. With 6.7 million active users, the developers are rumoured to be earning $633,000 per day from Candy Crush users.
Adapted from http://metro.co.uk/2013/09/27/

In the sentence “I don’t remember the last train journey I took where at least one person wasn’t playing Candy Crush on their phone.” (paragraph 1), the author means

Selecione uma alternativa A) his memory isn’t so good. B) he doesn’t travel by train a lot. C) Candy Crush is very popular. D) people play Candy Crush at home. E) people were not playing Candy Crush on his last trip.

Resolução comentada

Intenção do autor ao dizer que sempre há alguém jogando no trem.

O autor afirma que não se lembra de viagem em que ninguém jogasse; com isso, quer dizer que o jogo é muito popular. É uma inferência a partir de um exemplo pessoal.

Análise das alternativas

A) Não trata de memória fraca. B) Nada indica que viaje pouco de trem. D) O trecho fala de trem, não de casa. E) Contradiz a frase: em todas as viagens havia alguém jogando.

Referência: Texto: The Phenomenon of Candy Crush

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto — Compreensão Detalhada

EsPCEx 2014

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
The Phenomenon of Candy Crush: Why Is the Game So Popular?
In 2012, Candy Crush was released on Facebook and was later converted to smartphone format for people to play on the go. In 2013, the game reached real prominence and became the most popular game on Facebook. It’s no surprise then that so many people play this game on their phones. Candy Crush Saga has changed the way many of us kill time on commutes, or even in the toilet. I don’t remember the last train journey I took where at least one person wasn’t playing Candy Crush on their phone. I’m sure almost every reader of this article will have either been invited or invited others to play Candy Crush via Facebook in an effort to get more lives or even levels.
Despite being incredibly similar to many games over the years, Candy Crush Saga has added new depth to the genre, with seemingly unlimited combinations of new scenarios and concepts. So, this mixture of simplicity and variety is what makes Candy Crush so unbelievably popular.
As a result, Candy Crush Saga shows no signs of slowing down. New levels are generally released via the Facebook version every three weeks, with new levels also being made frequently available for the smartphone version. With 6.7 million active users, the developers are rumoured to be earning $633,000 per day from Candy Crush users.
Adapted from http://metro.co.uk/2013/09/27/

According to the text, the popularity of Candy Crush Saga is because

Selecione uma alternativa A) it is a combination of many games over the years. B) it was converted to smartphone format. C) people can play it in the toilet. D) it was released on Facebook in 2012. E) it is a mixture of simplicity and variety.

Resolução comentada

Causa da popularidade segundo o texto.

O texto diz que 'this mixture of simplicity and variety is what makes Candy Crush so unbelievably popular'. A alternativa E reproduz isso.

Análise das alternativas

A) O jogo é similar a muitos outros, mas a popularidade vem da mistura de simplicidade e variedade. B) A conversão para smartphone é fato histórico, não a causa apontada. C) Jogar no banheiro é só exemplo de uso. D) O lançamento no Facebook é um fato, não a explicação.

Referência: Texto: The Phenomenon of Candy Crush

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.