← Voltar para a lista de provas Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Ar (EPCAR) — Comando da Aeronáutica · Exame de Admissão ao CPCAR 2019 (Curso Preparatório de Cadetes do Ar) 49 questões nesta prova · página 3 de 3 · 46 com gabarito Gabarito disponível O texto não diz que donos punem crianças por falta de educação. A afirmação D não aparece no texto, que diz que o trabalho infantil prejudica a educação, mas não menciona punição pela falta dela. As demais afirmações refletem o texto: punição/ameaça no trabalho forçado, dívidas pagas com trabalho e ameaças de empregadores. A) Condizente com a definição de forced labour sob ameaça de punição. B) Condizente com debt bondage. C) Condizente com o controle por ameaças dos empregadores. D) Incorreta, por isso é a resposta. Referência: Texto 'What is modern slavery?'. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível 'Much more vulnerable' é comparativo de superioridade. O comparativo de superioridade de adjetivos longos usa 'more + adjetivo (+ than)'. Em 'much more vulnerable to slavery than others' há essa estrutura, reforçada por 'much'. A) É voz passiva no particípio, sem comparação. B) É voz passiva com modal. D) É voz passiva, 'need to be taken', sem comparação. Referência: Graus do adjetivo: comparative form. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Gabarito disponível 'Cannot' (não pode, é proibido) equivale a 'mustn't'. Em 'cannot leave the marriage' a pessoa não tem permissão para sair do casamento, o que expressa proibição. Esse sentido é o de 'mustn't'. B) 'Shouldn't' é conselho, não proibição. C) e D) 'Doesn't have to' e 'doesn't need to' indicam ausência de obrigação, o que é diferente de proibição. Referência: Verbos modais: can/cannot, must/mustn't. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível A pergunta adequada ao fragmento é 'When does it happen?'. O fragmento 'when someone is married against their will' completa a definição de forced marriage e responde a 'quando isso acontece?'. Por isso a pergunta adequada é 'When does it happen?'. A) e D) Perguntam sobre o casamento em geral, e não sobre a situação de casamento forçado. B) Restringe o sujeito a mulheres, o que o trecho não faz. Referência: Formação de perguntas (wh-questions). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Questão anulada Gabarito disponível Atacar a raiz da escravidão para acabar com ela de vez. O último parágrafo diz que é preciso 'tackle the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good', ou seja, atacar a origem para extingui-la definitivamente. A) O texto fala de medidas na Carta, não de novas leis. C) Não afirma que a escravidão cresça cada vez mais rápido. D) Afirma o contrário: acredita ser possível acabar com ela. Referência: Texto 'What is modern slavery?', linhas 83-87. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível A Anti-Slavery International defende os direitos humanos. A organização recusa-se a aceitar a escravidão e trabalha para combatê-la e atacar suas causas, o que equivale a defender os direitos humanos. A) Ela se opõe à tolerância à escravidão. C) Nada no texto sugere que ela pague por horas de trabalho de escravos. D) O texto não diz que ela impeça mortes. Referência: Texto 'What is modern slavery?' (últimos parágrafos). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Sem padrão de resposta — pratique a escrita OrientaçõesEPCAR — Exame de Admissão ao CPCAR 2019 — Língua Portuguesa, Matemática, Língua Inglesa e Redação — Versão A
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the INCORRECT statement, considering the content of the text.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the sentence from the text that is an example of comparative form.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the option that replaces the underlined words, respectively, keeping the same meaning.
![“[…] many people often confuse child slavery with child labour […]” (lines 48 and 49), with the word “many” underlined.](https://vaiconcursos.com/wp-content/uploads/questoes-v4/imagens/b7d1c629c5e67228a13c63a618615a58db784b1232ba90416c6e4ea2263ff958/q043_img_01.png)
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
In the topic “Forced and early marriage” (line 56), the modal verb can be replaced by ____ without changing the meaning.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the option with the suitable question to answer the fragment below.
“When someone is married against their will”. (lines 56 and 57)Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the option that has an uncountable word from the text.
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
The author concludes that Anti-Slavery International believesResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Anti-Slavery InternationalResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
TEXTO I
Rap: uma linguagem dos guetos
Entre as vozes que se cruzam na cacofonia
urbana da sociedade globalizada, há uma que se
sobressai pela sua radicalidade marginal: o rap. A
moderna tradição negra dos guetos norte-americanos é,
5 hoje, cantada pelos jovens das periferias de todos os
quadrantes do globo. Mas diferentemente das
estereotipias produzidas pela nação hegemônica e
difundidas em escala planetária, a cultura hip-hop
costuma ser assimilada como uma fala histórica
10 essencialmente crítica por uma juventude com tão
escassas vias de fuga ao sempre igual. Quando, por
exemplo, jovens de uma favela brasileira incorporam
esta linguagem tornada universal, por mais que a sua
realidade seja diferente daquela dos marginalizados do
15 país de origem, a forma permanece associada a um
conteúdo crítico – uma visão de mundo subalterna e
frequentemente subversiva.
O rap é hoje uma forma de expressão
comunitária, por meio da qual se comunicam e afirmam
20 sua identidade habitantes dos morros e comunidades
populares. /.../
O surgimento do movimento hip-hop nos
remete ao contexto no qual estavam inseridos os
Estados Unidos dos anos 60 e 70, no auge da Guerra
25 Fria. Foram anos de tensão e muita agitação política. O
descontentamento popular com a guerra do Vietnã
somava-se à pressão das comunidades negras
segregadas, submetidas a leis similares às do apartheid
sul-africano. O clima de revolta e inconformismo tomava
30 conta dos guetos negros.
/.../
Na trilha da agitação política ocorriam
inovações culturais. Nos guetos, o que se ouvia era o
soul, que foi importante para a organização e
35 conscientização daquela população. /.../ No mesmo
período surge uma variedade de outros ritmos, como o
funk, marcados por pancadas poderosas que causavam
estranhamento aos brancos, letras que invocavam a
valorização da cultura negra e denunciavam as
40 condições às quais eram submetidas as populações dos
guetos. O soul e o funk foram as bases musicais que
permitiram o surgimento do rap, que virá a ser um dos
elementos do movimento hip-hop.
Por essa época ou um pouco antes, jovens
45 negros já dançavam [o break] nas ruas ao som do soul e
do funk de uma forma inovadora, executando passos
que lembravam ao mesmo tempo uma luta e os
movimentos de um robô. /.../
Finalmente, além da música e da dança,
50 propagava-se pelos guetos, ainda, o hábito de desenhar
e escrever em muros e paredes. /.../ Nesse contexto de
efervescência político-cultural, grafiteiros, breakers e
rappers começaram a se reunir para realizar eventos
juntos, afinal suas artes estavam relacionadas a uma
55 experiência comum, a cultura de rua. /.../
Por volta de 1982, o rap chegou ao Brasil,
fixando-se, sobretudo, em São Paulo. /.../
Nos últimos anos da década de 90, o rap
brasileiro ultrapassou os limites da periferia dos grandes
60 centros e chegou à classe média. /.../ O rap de caráter
mais comercial passou então a ser amplamente
difundido pelo país, ao mesmo tempo em que, em sua
forma marginal, a linguagem continuava a se
desenvolver nos espaços populares.
65 Há que se destacar o caráter inovador do rap
nacional, que reelabora, de forma criadora, a partir de
tradições populares brasileiras, a linguagem dos guetos
norte-americanos, mesclando o ritmo do Bronx a
gêneros como o samba e a embolada.
70 /.../
Não se trata, no entanto, de idealizar o hip-hop
como forma de conhecimento. O movimento,
seguramente, não é homogêneo: possui tendências
mais ou menos politizadas, mais ou menos engajadas e
75 críticas. Há, por assim dizer, uma vertente cuja tônica é
a denúncia, a agitação e o protesto. Outra, espontânea,
sem uma linha política coerente e definida. E outra
ainda, talvez hegemônica, já assimilada pelo mercado,
que reproduz o modelo de comportamento, aspirações e
80 ideais dominantes (consumismo, individualismo e
exaltação da vida privada), como a maioria das canções
ditas "de massa".
(COUTINHO, Eduardo Granja, ARAÚJO, Marianna. Rap: uma linguagem dos guetos. In: PAIVA, Raquel, TUZZO, Simone Antoniaci (Orgs.). Comunidade, mídia e cidade: possibilidades comunitárias na cidade hoje. Goiânia: FIC/UFG, 2014.)
TEXTO II
A Marselhesa do subúrbio
Sérgio Martins
Tchudum, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum, tchá,
tchá, tchá, tchá, tchudum… São 2 horas da manhã
numa casa noturna de São Paulo e os frequentadores
estão dançando uma batida eletrônica repetitiva. Dali a
5 uma hora e meia, MC Guimê, o principal nome do funk
ostentação, fará seu show, acompanhado de um DJ e
de duas dançarinas, e com a participação especial do
rapper Emicida. /.../ Encontram-se ali jovens de bairros
suburbanos – os meninos com correntes douradas, as
10 meninas com saia bem curtinha, e todos com roupas de
grife – e também os chamados “playboys”. Quando
Guimê finalmente sobe ao palco, a temperatura da casa
parece subir. Por quarenta minutos, ele intercala
canções de seu repertório com sucessos de outros
15 funkeiros, canta o rap do quarteto Racionais MC’s e cita
o Salmo 23 (“O senhor é meu pastor / Nada me faltará”).
Nada falta mesmo: suas letras carregam uma tal
profusão de marcas – carros, roupas, perfumes, bebidas
– que até se poderia suspeitar de vultosos contratos de
20 merchandising. Não é o caso. Para Guimê, natural da
periferia de Osasco, cidade da Grande São Paulo, falar
desses objetos de consumo – e, acima de tudo, adquiri-
los – é uma aspiração realizada, uma senha para a
entrada na sociedade. O público não só entende como
25 compartilha o sonho de Guimê: muitos fãs, no meio da
dança, erguem garrafas de uísque escocês como se
fossem troféus. Festas e shows assim se repetem por
outras cidades e clubes. Como tantos gêneros musicais
que vieram das áreas urbanas mais pobres, o funk já
30 conquistou parte da classe média. Mas é sobretudo
entre a garotada da periferia que ele tem a ressonância
de uma Marselhesa: um hino de cidadania e identidade
para os jovens das classes C, D e E. /.../
(Revista Veja, 29 de janeiro de 2014, p. 73 e 74)
TEXTO III
LADO BOM
Ferréz
Periferia tem seu lado bom
Manos, vielas, e futebol no campão.
Meninas com bonecas e não com filhos
Planejando assim um futuro positivo
5 Sua paz é você que define.
Longe do álcool, longe do crime.
A escola é o caminho do sucesso
Pro pobre honrar desde o começo
E dizer bem alto que somos a herança
10 De um país que não promoveu as mudanças
Sem atrasar ninguém rapaz
Fazendo sua vida se adiantar na paz
Jogando bolinha, jogando peão
Vi nos olhos da criança a revolução
15 Que solta a pipa pensando em voar
Para não ver o barraco que era o seu lar
Periferia lado bom o que você me diz
Alguns motivos pra te deixar feliz
Longe do álcool, longe do crime.
20 Sua paz é você que define.
E nessa pipa no céu eu vi planar
A paz necessária para se avançar
Ânimo, positivismo em ação.
Hip-Hop cultura de rua e educação
25 Foi assim que criaram e assim que tem que ser
O mestre de cerimônia rimando pra você
Enquanto o DJ troca as bases
O grafiteiro pinta todo contraste
Da favela pro mundo
30 O caminho do rap pelo estudo
Por isso eu não me iludo
Roupa de marca não é meu escudo
Detentos já te disse no começo
E estudar do sucesso é o preço
35 Porque a fama não cabe num coração pequeno
Então positivismo pra vencer vai vendo
(...)
(http:/www.misixmatch.com - acesso em: 11/05/2018)
PROVA DE REDAÇÃO
Com base nos textos da prova de Língua Portuguesa, bem como no seu conhecimento de mundo, escreva um texto dissertativo-argumentativo, em prosa, sobre o seguinte questionamento:
Como a cultura de rua pode ser utilizada para melhorar a vida na sociedade?
• Considere os textos da prova de Língua Portuguesa como motivadores e fonte de dados. Não os copie, sob pena de ter a redação zerada.
• A redação deverá conter no mínimo 100 (cem) palavras, considerando-se palavras todas aquelas pertencentes às classes gramaticais da Língua Portuguesa.
• Recomenda-se que a redação seja escrita em letra cursiva legível. Caso seja utilizada letra de forma (caixa alta), as letras maiúsculas deverão receber o devido realce.
• Utilize caneta de tinta preta ou azul.
• Dê um título a sua redação.
Texto-base:
Texto-base:
Texto-base:
Texto-base:
Texto-base:
Texto-base:
Texto-base:
Texto-base:
Texto-base: