← Voltar para a lista de provas Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME) · Concurso de Admissão — Prova de Português e Inglês 43 questões nesta prova · página 2 de 3 · 40 com gabarito Sem padrão de resposta — pratique a escrita Em sua escrita, atente para as seguintes considerações: Gabarito disponível Conectivo temporal 'When' na lacuna 21. 'When on board H.M.S. Beagle, as naturalist, I was much struck...' é uma oração temporal reduzida: 'Quando a bordo do Beagle, como naturalista, fiquei impressionado'. 'When' é o único conectivo que dá sentido coerente à frase. A) 'Ahead' não é conectivo. B) 'Meanwhile' (enquanto isso) não introduz a oração dessa forma. C) 'Despite' (apesar de) exige um complemento contrastivo, que não há. E) 'Nevertheless' (no entanto) indica contraste, inexistente no início do texto. Referência: Conectivos e advérbios em inglês. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível 'Much struck with' = muito impressionado com. A expressão 'to be struck with/by' significa ficar impressionado, chamar a atenção. Darwin diz que ficou muito impressionado ('much struck') com certos fatos da distribuição dos habitantes da América do Sul. A) 'passionless' (sem paixão) contradiz o sentido de interesse. C) 'impassive' (impassível) é incoerente com o contexto. D) 'stoical' (estoico) também indica ausência de emoção. E) 'discouraged' (desanimado) não combina com a descoberta que despertou sua curiosidade. Referência: Vocabulário em contexto: be struck with. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Colocação 'throw light on' (lançar luz sobre). A expressão idiomática é 'throw light on something', que significa esclarecer, lançar luz sobre. Assim, 'These facts seemed to me to throw some light on the origin of species'. A) 'yield light' não combina com 'on'. B) 'hold light on' não é a expressão fixa. D) 'evoke light on' não é colocação válida, e 'evoke' não rege 'on'. E) 'convey light on' não existe como expressão. Referência: Phrasal/idiom: throw light on. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Preposição em 'On my return home' (ao retornar). A expressão 'on + noun' indica o momento em que algo ocorre: 'On my return home' = 'Ao meu retorno para casa'. É a construção idiomática correta para marcar o momento imediatamente após a volta. A) 'Over my return' não indica momento de forma idiomática. B) 'For my return' indicaria finalidade/prazo, não o momento. C) 'Inbound' é adjetivo (de entrada), não preposição. D) 'Due to' significa 'devido a', gerando sentido causal incoerente. Referência: Preposições de tempo em inglês: 'on + return/arrival'. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Lacuna 25: "sketch of the conclusions" (esboço). Darwin ampliou suas notas curtas em 1844 num "sketch", isto é, num esboço das conclusões. O sentido combina com "short notes" ampliadas. A) gag é mordaça ou piada. C) clipping é recorte. D) growth é crescimento e não encaixa com "of the conclusions". E) mist é névoa. Referência: Darwin, On the Origin of Species, Introdução. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Lacuna 26: advérbio "then" (naquela época). "Conclusions, which then seemed to me probable" marca o contraste entre o que Darwin julgava provável em 1844 e o presente. "Then" refere-se àquele momento passado. B) seldom (raramente) não faz sentido. C) so não encaixa na estrutura. D) now conflita com o passado. E) yet não encaixa neste contexto afirmativo. Referência: Darwin, On the Origin of Species, Introdução. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Lacuna 27: "from that period to the present day I have steadily pursued the same object". A expressão "from ... to the present day" pede o present perfect, e "pursued the same object" tem sentido coerente. "Have steadily pursued" é a única opção gramatical e semanticamente adequada. A) revoked não combina com "the same object". B) "chased round since" é incorreta. C) "steadied the ever" é agramatical. E) "given up" contradiz a continuidade do trabalho. Referência: Darwin, On the Origin of Species, Introdução. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Lacuna 28: "I have not been hasty in coming to a decision". Darwin justifica os detalhes pessoais para mostrar que não foi precipitado ao chegar a uma decisão, depois de anos de trabalho. "Hasty" é o adjetivo que se encaixa e tem sentido coerente. B) wise e C) cautious inverteriam o sentido, pois "not cautious" seria uma autocrítica. D) wary não exprime precipitação. E) sharp não combina com "in coming to a decision". Referência: Darwin, On the Origin of Species, Introdução. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Lacuna 29: "as" como conjunção de causa. A frase é "but as it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong". O segundo "as" confirma o paralelismo de duas causas introduzidas por "as". A) thus é conclusivo e não introduz oração causal. B) in spite of é concessivo e exige substantivo. D) even não cabe sintaticamente. E) thanks to exige substantivo e tem sentido positivo. Referência: Darwin, On the Origin of Species, Introdução. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Lacuna 30: "I have been urged to publish this Abstract" (voz passiva, present perfect). A estrutura é "as my health is far from strong, I have been urged to publish". O present perfect passivo combina com o presente do texto e com a ideia de ter sido instado a publicar. A) "I was split" não faz sentido. B) "I was detached" também não. C) "I have been careless" não aceita "to publish" e não tem sentido. D) "I have been" sem complemento não aceita "to publish". Referência: Darwin, On the Origin of Species, Introdução. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Interpretação do Texto 2: a engenhosidade da missão causou admiração na autora. A autora diz que ela e os colegas ficaram "utterly awed by the engineering and ingenuity". Isso corresponde à admiração e ao respeito pela capacidade de pensar em soluções novas e inteligentes. B) "white heat" não impediu a Grã-Bretanha de enviar astronautas. C) "solely" é exagero. D) o texto diz que as inovações inspiradas são tidas como garantidas hoje, mas não que a missão deu suporte a isso. E) o texto chama a chegada à Lua de inspiração crucial, não de passo pequeno diante dos prêmios. Referência: Sue Ion, texto no The Independent. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível "Meet criteria" tem o sentido de satisfazer requisitos, o mesmo de "meet some requirements". No texto, "meet" significa atender ou satisfazer critérios. Em D, "meet some requirements" tem o mesmo sentido. A) meet = deparar-se com. B) meet = encontrar-se, tocar. C) meet with = reunir-se. E) meet expenses = arcar com despesas, sentido próximo, mas de pagar, não de satisfazer. Referência: Vocabulário em contexto; polissemia de meet. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Continuação coerente: no ano da chegada à Lua, os juízes decidiram quem ganharia o primeiro prêmio. A frase seguinte diz "They announced joint winners", o que mostra que o sujeito oculto são os juízes do prêmio MacRobert. Portanto, a continuação coerente refere-se à difícil decisão dos juízes sobre o primeiro vencedor. A) o texto não menciona comitê de governo nem novos critérios. B) não há base no texto. C) a corrida armamentista não é tratada. D) não é abordado e contradiz o tom do texto. Referência: Sue Ion, texto no The Independent sobre o MacRobert Award. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível "A host of" significa uma grande quantidade de: plethora. Em "a host of world firsts", host é uma grande quantidade, sentido que corresponde a "plethora", isto é, abundância. A) parade é desfile. B) guest é convidado, outro sentido de host. D) separation é separação. E) void é vazio, o oposto da ideia. Referência: Vocabulário em contexto; polissemia de host. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível "Crystallizing moment" equivale a um marco decisivo: milestone. A expressão designa o momento em que algo se definiu na vida do autor, ou seja, um marco. "Milestone" é o termo que mais se aproxima desse sentido. A) achievement é uma conquista, não um momento de definição. C) sprawl é expansão desordenada. D) edge é borda ou vantagem. E) swerve é um desvio brusco. Referência: Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World, cap. 2. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Inferência no Texto 3: o autor queria desvendar mistérios ("helping to uncover deep mysteries"). O autor afirma que se sentia atraído pela perspectiva de entender como as coisas funcionam e de ajudar a desvendar profundos mistérios. "Disclose mysteries" equivale a revelar ou descobrir mistérios. A) ele disse que ainda não conhecia a palavra "science", mas entendeu que as estrelas são sóis distantes, não meros pontos de luz. C) "let the Universe loose" não tem base no texto. D) a perspectiva o fascinou, não o paralisou. E) "exploring new worlds" não significa universos alternativos. Referência: Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World, cap. 2. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Inferência no Texto 3: o amor do autor pela ciência o levou a divulgá-la. O autor diz que popularizar a ciência "follows naturally" do seu amor por ela e que não explicá-la seria perverso. Infere-se que o sentimento pelo assunto o levou a se esforçar para torná-lo compreensível ao público leigo. A) o livro não é consequência de ir à Feira Mundial; a feira foi apenas o momento de encantamento. B) o texto não fala em reação negativa do público. D) ele diz ter tido boa sorte. E) ele defende explicar a ciência a todos. Referência: Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World, cap. 2. Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Texto 4: o que observamos depende do nosso método de questionamento, e as teorias dependem de nós como observadores. A citação de Heisenberg diz que observamos a natureza exposta ao nosso método de questionamento. O texto reforça que a ciência exige interação com o sistema e reflete nossa limitação de percepção. Logo, as teorias científicas são contingentes ao observador. A) o texto não define ciência como mera capacidade de questionar. B) inverte a relação: é o método de questionamento que molda o que observamos. C) o texto sustenta que só vemos "so far" na natureza das coisas. E) a percepção é limitada e depende de ferramentas. Referência: Gleiser, How Much Can We Know? (Nature). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Trecho sobre mudanças na ciência antes e depois de novos instrumentos: as ideias científicas mudam com as ferramentas. O trecho mostra que a biologia, a astronomia e a física de partículas mudaram com o microscópio, o telescópio e os colisores. O texto conclui que teorias e visões de mundo mudam à medida que as ferramentas se transformam. Assim, ideias científicas podem mudar quando dispositivos melhores são criados e usados (B). A) generaliza com "always" e "every", o que o texto não afirma. C) contradiz a ideia de limitação da percepção. D) contradiz a tese de que as teorias mudam. E) o texto mostra que instrumentos e conhecimento são fundamentais. Referência: Gleiser, How Much Can We Know? (Nature). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.IME — Concurso de Admissão 2019 (Vestibular 2019-2020) — Prova de Português e Inglês
A primeira publicação do conto O Alienista, de Machado de Assis, ocorreu como folhetim na revista carioca A Estação, entre os anos de 1881 e 1882. Nessa mesma época, uma grande reforma educacional efetuou-se no Brasil, criando, dentre outras, a cadeira de Clínica Psiquiátrica. É nesse contexto de uma psiquiatria ainda embrionária que Machado propõe sua crítica ácida, reveladora da escassez de conhecimento científico e da abundância de vaidades, concomitantemente. A obra deixa ver as relações promíscuas entre o poder médico que se pretendia baluarte da ciência e o poder político tal como era exercido em Itaguaí, então uma vila, distante apenas alguns quilômetros da capital Rio de Janeiro. O conto se desenvolve em treze breves capítulos, ao longo dos quais o alienista vai fazendo suas experimentações cientificistas até que ele mesmo conclua pela necessidade de seu isolamento, visto que reconhece em si mesmo a única pessoa cujas faculdades mentais encontram-se equilibradas, sendo ele, portanto, aquele que destoa dos demais, devendo, por isso, alienar-se.
Texto 1
Capítulo IV
UMA TEORIA NOVA
1 Ao passo que D. Evarista, em lágrimas, vinha buscando o Rio de Janeiro, Simão
Bacamarte estudava por todos os lados uma certa ideia arrojada e nova, própria a alargar as
bases da psicologia. Todo o tempo que lhe sobrava dos cuidados da Casa Verde era pouco
para andar na rua, ou de casa em casa, conversando as gentes, sobre trinta mil assuntos, e
5 virgulando as falas de um olhar que metia medo aos mais heroicos.
Um dia de manhã, – eram passadas três semanas, – estando Crispim Soares ocupado
em temperar um medicamento, vieram dizer-lhe que o alienista o mandava chamar.
– Tratava-se de negócio importante, segundo ele me disse, acrescentou o portador.
Crispim empalideceu. Que negócio importante podia ser, se não alguma notícia da
10 comitiva, e especialmente da mulher? Porque este tópico deve ficar claramente definido, visto
insistirem nele os cronistas; Crispim amava a mulher, e, desde trinta anos, nunca estiveram
separados um só dia. Assim se explicam os monólogos que fazia agora, e que os fâmulos lhe
ouviam muita vez: – “Anda, bem feito, quem te mandou consentir na viagem de Cesária?
Bajulador, torpe bajulador! Só para adular ao Dr Bacamarte. Pois agora aguenta-te; anda;
15 aguenta-te, alma de lacaio, fracalhão, vil, miserável. Dizes amém a tudo, não é? Aí tens o
lucro, biltre!”. – E muitos outros nomes feios, que um homem não deve dizer aos outros,
quanto mais a si mesmo. Daqui a imaginar o efeito do recado é um nada. Tão depressa ele o
recebeu como abriu mão das drogas e voou à Casa Verde.
Simão Bacamarte recebeu-o com a alegria própria de um sábio, uma alegria abotoada
20 de circunspeção até o pescoço.
– Estou muito contente, disse ele.
– Notícias do nosso povo?, perguntou o boticário com a voz trêmula.
O alienista fez um gesto magnífico, e respondeu:
– Trata-se de coisa mais alta, trata-se de uma experiência científica. Digo experiência,
25 porque não me atrevo a assegurar desde já a minha ideia; nem a ciência é outra coisa, Sr.
Soares, senão uma investigação constante. Trata-se, pois, de uma experiência, mas uma
experiência que vai mudar a face da terra. A loucura, objeto dos meus estudos, era até agora
uma ilha perdida no oceano da razão; começo a suspeitar que é um continente.
Disse isto, e calou-se, para ruminar o pasmo do boticário. Depois explicou
30 compridamente a sua ideia. No conceito dele a insânia abrangia uma vasta superfície de
cérebros; e desenvolveu isto com grande cópia de raciocínios, de textos, de exemplos. Os
exemplos achou-os na história e em Itaguaí mas, como um raro espírito que era, reconheceu o
perigo de citar todos os casos de Itaguaí e refugiou-se na história. Assim, apontou com
especialidade alguns célebres, Sócrates, que tinha um demônio familiar, Pascal, que via um
35 abismo à esquerda, Maomé, Caracala, Domiciano, Calígula etc., uma enfiada de casos e
pessoas, em que de mistura vinham entidades odiosas, e entidades ridículas. E porque o
boticário se admirasse de uma tal promiscuidade, o alienista disse-lhe que era tudo a mesma
coisa, e até acrescentou sentenciosamente:
– A ferocidade, Sr. Soares, é o grotesco a sério.
40 – Gracioso, muito gracioso!, exclamou Crispim Soares levantando as mãos ao céu.
Quanto à ideia de ampliar o território da loucura, achou-a o boticário extravagante; mas
a modéstia, principal adorno de seu espírito, não lhe sofreu confessar outra coisa além de um
nobre entusiasmo; declarou-a sublime e verdadeira, e acrescentou que era “caso de matraca”.
Esta expressão não tem equivalente no estilo moderno. Naquele tempo, Itaguaí, que como as
45 demais vilas, arraiais e povoações da colônia, não dispunha de imprensa, tinha dois modos de
divulgar uma notícia: ou por meio de cartazes manuscritos e pregados na porta da Câmara, e
da matriz; – ou por meio de matraca.
Eis em que consistia este segundo uso. Contratava-se um homem, por um ou mais
dias, para andar as ruas do povoado, com uma matraca na mão.
50 De quando em quando tocava a matraca, reunia-se gente, e ele anunciava o que lhe
incumbiam, – um remédio para sezões, umas terras lavradias, um soneto, um donativo
eclesiástico, a melhor tesoura da vila, o mais belo discurso do ano etc. O sistema tinha
inconvenientes para a paz pública; mas era conservado pela grande energia de divulgação
que possuía. Por exemplo, um dos vereadores, – aquele justamente que mais se opusera à
55 criação da Casa Verde, – desfrutava a reputação de perfeito educador de cobras e macacos, e
aliás nunca domesticara um só desses bichos; mas, tinha o cuidado de fazer trabalhar a
matraca todos os meses. E dizem as crônicas que algumas pessoas afirmavam ter visto
cascavéis dançando no peito do vereador; afirmação perfeitamente falsa, mas só devida à
absoluta confiança no sistema. Verdade, verdade, nem todas as instituições do antigo regime
60 mereciam o desprezo do nosso século.
– Há melhor do que anunciar a minha ideia, é praticá-la, respondeu o alienista à
insinuação do boticário.
E o boticário, não divergindo sensivelmente deste modo de ver, disse-lhe que sim, que
era melhor começar pela execução.
65 – Sempre haverá tempo de a dar à matraca, concluiu ele.
Simão Bacamarte refletiu ainda um instante, e disse:
– Suponho o espírito humano uma vasta concha, o meu fim, Sr. Soares, é ver se posso
extrair a pérola, que é a razão; por outros termos, demarquemos definitivamente os limites da
razão e da loucura. A razão é o perfeito equilíbrio de todas as faculdades; fora daí insânia,
70 insânia e só insânia.
O Vigário Lopes, a quem ele confiou a nova teoria, declarou lisamente que não
chegava a entendê-la, que era uma obra absurda, e, se não era absurda, era de tal modo
colossal que não merecia princípio de execução.
– Com a definição atual, que é a de todos os tempos, acrescentou, a loucura e a razão
75 estão perfeitamente delimitadas. Sabe-se onde uma acaba e onde a outra começa. Para que
transpor a cerca?
Sobre o lábio fino e discreto do alienista roçou a vaga sombra de uma intenção de riso,
em que o desdém vinha casado à comiseração; mas nenhuma palavra saiu de suas egrégias
entranhas.
80 A ciência contentou-se em estender a mão à teologia, – com tal segurança, que a
teologia não soube enfim se devia crer em si ou na outra. Itaguaí e o universo à beira de uma
revolução.
ASSIS, Machado de. O Alienista. Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante Brasileiro / USP. Disponível em: <http://www.dominiopublico.gov.br/pesquisa/DetalheObraForm.do?select_action=&co_obra=1939>. Acesso em: 12/08/2019.
“Contratava-se um homem, por um ou mais dias, para andar as ruas do povoado, com uma matraca na mão.
[...] um dos vereadores [...] desfrutava a reputação de perfeito educador de cobras e macacos, e aliás, nunca domesticara um desses bichos; mas tinha o cuidado de fazer trabalhar a matraca todos os meses. E dizem as crônicas que algumas pessoas afirmavam ter visto cascavéis dançando no peito do vereador; afirmação perfeitamente falsa, mas só devido à absoluta confiança no sistema. Verdade, verdade, nem todas as instituições do antigo regime mereciam o desprezo do nosso século.” (Texto 1, linhas 48 a 60)
Sabemos que a boa informação é fundamental para que possamos atingir grandes objetivos, sejam eles o sucesso acadêmico-profissional, sejam as decisões mais cotidianas que pedem nossa avaliação diária, isto é, o pleno exercício da cidadania. Apesar de julgarmos as fake news algo dos tempos atuais, aprendemos, com o texto machadiano, que a invenção de “verdades” é coisa antiga e humana, e não uma mera produção que se inicia com o advento das chamadas redes sociais, como irrefletidamente somos levados a acreditar. Considerando a fina ironia machadiana sobre a produção de “verdades” apresentada no capítulo IV de O Alienista transcrito nesta prova, redija um texto dissertativo-argumentativo sobre a relação entre informação e liberdade de escolha.
1. privilegie a norma culta da língua portuguesa. Eventuais equívocos morfossintáticos, erros de regência, concordância, coesão e coerência, bem como desvios da grafia vigente e a não observância das regras de acentuação serão penalizados;
2. seu texto deverá ter entre 25 (vinte e cinco) a 30 (trinta) linhas escritas à tinta azul ou preta.
A produção de texto DEVERÁ ser realizada no CADERNO DE SOLUÇÕES.
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (21) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (22) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (23) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (24) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (25) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (26) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (27) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (28) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (29) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 21 A 30, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 APROPRIADAMENTE.
Texto 1
ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE
CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.
Fellow of the Royal, Geological, Linnæan, etc. societies; Author of Journal of researches during H. M. S. Beagle’s Voyage round the world. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1859.
Introduction
(21) __________ on board H.M.S. 'Beagle,' as naturalist, I was much (22) __________ with certain facts in the distribution of the inhabitants of South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts seemed to me to (23) __________ some light on the origin of species–that mystery of mysteries, as it has been called by one of our greatest philosophers. (24) __________ my return home, it occurred to me, in 1837, that something might perhaps be made out on this question by patiently accumulating and reflecting on all sorts of facts which could possibly have any bearing on it. After five years' work I allowed myself to speculate on the subject, and drew up some short notes; these I enlarged in 1844 into a (25) __________ of the conclusions, which (26) __________ seemed to me probable: from that period to the present day I (27) __________ the same object. I hope that I may be excused for entering on these personal details, as I give them to show that I have not been (28) __________ in coming to a decision.
My work is now nearly finished; but (29) __________ it will take me two or three more years to complete it, and as my health is far from strong, (30) __________ to publish this Abstract.
[...]
Extraído de DARWIN, Charles Robert. On the Origin of Species. Disponível em: <http://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf>. Acesso em: 02/08/2019.
Escolha a alternativa que completa a lacuna (30) do Texto 1.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 31 A 34, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2 A SEGUIR.
Texto 2
HALF A CENTURY AGO, THE MOON LANDING SHOWED US THE FRAGILITY OF OUR PLANET, AND THAT NOTHING WAS IMPOSSIBLE.
Dr Dame SUE ION, DBE FREng FRS
Chair of the UK Nuclear Innovation Research Advisory Board and chair of the judging panel for the MacRobert Award for engineering innovation.
“Fifty years ago, the Apollo 11 space mission took its place in global history.
I remember watching the Apollo 11 moon landing. It was an amazing achievement, enabled by a brilliant team of engineers, scientists and technicians at Nasa. I was still at school, and we were utterly awed by the engineering and ingenuity that made it happen. [...]
Today, half a century later, it’s important to remember how crucial the inspiration of that one small step was to a new generation of engineers around the world – it would underpin so many of the innovations we take for granted today.
Here in the UK, a “new Britain” was being forged in the “white heat” of technology. The MacRobert Award for Engineering Innovation was presented for the first time in 1969. Established by the MacRobert Trust, the medal features a man leaping for the moon to commemorate the lunar landing, and the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria – commercial success, societal benefit, and true innovation.
In a year that saw Americans on the moon, (33) ________________________. They announced joint winners: a team from Freeman, Fox and Partners for the aerodynamic deck design of the Severn Bridge – later used for long-span bridges all over the world – and a team from Rolls-Royce for the Pegasus engine that powered the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing aircraft.
Since 1969, the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts, including the CT scanner in 1972, the first bionic hand in 2008 and Raspberry Pi, the world’s most affordable computer, in 2017.”
[…]
Adaptado de The Indepedent. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/apollo-11-moon-landing-anniversary-macrobert-award-british-innovation-a9012426.html>. Acesso em: 14/08/2019.
Choose the correct option.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 31 A 34, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2 A SEGUIR.
Texto 2
HALF A CENTURY AGO, THE MOON LANDING SHOWED US THE FRAGILITY OF OUR PLANET, AND THAT NOTHING WAS IMPOSSIBLE.
Dr Dame SUE ION, DBE FREng FRS
Chair of the UK Nuclear Innovation Research Advisory Board and chair of the judging panel for the MacRobert Award for engineering innovation.
“Fifty years ago, the Apollo 11 space mission took its place in global history.
I remember watching the Apollo 11 moon landing. It was an amazing achievement, enabled by a brilliant team of engineers, scientists and technicians at Nasa. I was still at school, and we were utterly awed by the engineering and ingenuity that made it happen. [...]
Today, half a century later, it’s important to remember how crucial the inspiration of that one small step was to a new generation of engineers around the world – it would underpin so many of the innovations we take for granted today.
Here in the UK, a “new Britain” was being forged in the “white heat” of technology. The MacRobert Award for Engineering Innovation was presented for the first time in 1969. Established by the MacRobert Trust, the medal features a man leaping for the moon to commemorate the lunar landing, and the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria – commercial success, societal benefit, and true innovation.
In a year that saw Americans on the moon, (33) ________________________. They announced joint winners: a team from Freeman, Fox and Partners for the aerodynamic deck design of the Severn Bridge – later used for long-span bridges all over the world – and a team from Rolls-Royce for the Pegasus engine that powered the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing aircraft.
Since 1969, the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts, including the CT scanner in 1972, the first bionic hand in 2008 and Raspberry Pi, the world’s most affordable computer, in 2017.”
[…]
Adaptado de The Indepedent. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/apollo-11-moon-landing-anniversary-macrobert-award-british-innovation-a9012426.html>. Acesso em: 14/08/2019.
An equivalent meaning for the word "meet" in the sentence: "[...] the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria [...]" is found in:Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 31 A 34, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2 A SEGUIR.
Texto 2
HALF A CENTURY AGO, THE MOON LANDING SHOWED US THE FRAGILITY OF OUR PLANET, AND THAT NOTHING WAS IMPOSSIBLE.
Dr Dame SUE ION, DBE FREng FRS
Chair of the UK Nuclear Innovation Research Advisory Board and chair of the judging panel for the MacRobert Award for engineering innovation.
“Fifty years ago, the Apollo 11 space mission took its place in global history.
I remember watching the Apollo 11 moon landing. It was an amazing achievement, enabled by a brilliant team of engineers, scientists and technicians at Nasa. I was still at school, and we were utterly awed by the engineering and ingenuity that made it happen. [...]
Today, half a century later, it’s important to remember how crucial the inspiration of that one small step was to a new generation of engineers around the world – it would underpin so many of the innovations we take for granted today.
Here in the UK, a “new Britain” was being forged in the “white heat” of technology. The MacRobert Award for Engineering Innovation was presented for the first time in 1969. Established by the MacRobert Trust, the medal features a man leaping for the moon to commemorate the lunar landing, and the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria – commercial success, societal benefit, and true innovation.
In a year that saw Americans on the moon, (33) ________________________. They announced joint winners: a team from Freeman, Fox and Partners for the aerodynamic deck design of the Severn Bridge – later used for long-span bridges all over the world – and a team from Rolls-Royce for the Pegasus engine that powered the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing aircraft.
Since 1969, the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts, including the CT scanner in 1972, the first bionic hand in 2008 and Raspberry Pi, the world’s most affordable computer, in 2017.”
[…]
Adaptado de The Indepedent. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/apollo-11-moon-landing-anniversary-macrobert-award-british-innovation-a9012426.html>. Acesso em: 14/08/2019.
Choose the appropriate continuation for "In a year that saw Americans on the moon”, ________.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 31 A 34, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2 A SEGUIR.
Texto 2
HALF A CENTURY AGO, THE MOON LANDING SHOWED US THE FRAGILITY OF OUR PLANET, AND THAT NOTHING WAS IMPOSSIBLE.
Dr Dame SUE ION, DBE FREng FRS
Chair of the UK Nuclear Innovation Research Advisory Board and chair of the judging panel for the MacRobert Award for engineering innovation.
“Fifty years ago, the Apollo 11 space mission took its place in global history.
I remember watching the Apollo 11 moon landing. It was an amazing achievement, enabled by a brilliant team of engineers, scientists and technicians at Nasa. I was still at school, and we were utterly awed by the engineering and ingenuity that made it happen. [...]
Today, half a century later, it’s important to remember how crucial the inspiration of that one small step was to a new generation of engineers around the world – it would underpin so many of the innovations we take for granted today.
Here in the UK, a “new Britain” was being forged in the “white heat” of technology. The MacRobert Award for Engineering Innovation was presented for the first time in 1969. Established by the MacRobert Trust, the medal features a man leaping for the moon to commemorate the lunar landing, and the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria – commercial success, societal benefit, and true innovation.
In a year that saw Americans on the moon, (33) ________________________. They announced joint winners: a team from Freeman, Fox and Partners for the aerodynamic deck design of the Severn Bridge – later used for long-span bridges all over the world – and a team from Rolls-Royce for the Pegasus engine that powered the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing aircraft.
Since 1969, the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts, including the CT scanner in 1972, the first bionic hand in 2008 and Raspberry Pi, the world’s most affordable computer, in 2017.”
[…]
Adaptado de The Indepedent. Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/apollo-11-moon-landing-anniversary-macrobert-award-british-innovation-a9012426.html>. Acesso em: 14/08/2019.
The meaning of the word “host” in the sentence “the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts” isResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 35 A 37, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 3 A SEGUIR.
Texto 3
CHAPTER 2
SCIENCE AND HOPE
[...]
I was a child in a time of hope. I wanted to be a scientist from my earliest school days. The crystallizing moment came when I first caught on that the stars are mighty suns, when it first dawned on me how staggeringly far away they must be to appear as mere points of light in the sky. I'm not sure I even knew the meaning of the word 'science' then, but I wanted somehow to immerse myself in all that grandeur. I was gripped by the splendour of the Universe, transfixed by the prospect of understanding how things really work, of helping to uncover deep mysteries, of exploring new worlds - maybe even literally. It has been my good fortune to have had that dream in part fulfilled. For me, the romance of science remains as appealing and new as it was on that day, more than half a century ago, when I was shown the wonders of the 1939 World's Fair.
Popularizing science - trying to make its methods and findings accessible to non-scientists - then follows naturally and immediately. Not explaining science seems to me perverse. When you're in love, you want to tell the world. This book is a personal statement, reflecting my lifelong love affair with science.
But there's another reason: science is more than a body of knowledge; it is a way of thinking.
[...]
Adaptado de SAGAN, Carl. The Demon-Haunted World. Science as a Candle in the Dark. Headline Book Publishing, 1997. Disponível em: <http://www.metaphysicspirit.com/books/The%20Demon-Haunted%20World.pdf>. Acesso em: 22/07/2019.
Choose the option that could replace the expression “crystallizing moment” in the sentence “The crystallizing moment came when I first caught on that the stars are mighty suns” without changing its meaning.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 35 A 37, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 3 A SEGUIR.
Texto 3
CHAPTER 2
SCIENCE AND HOPE
[...]
I was a child in a time of hope. I wanted to be a scientist from my earliest school days. The crystallizing moment came when I first caught on that the stars are mighty suns, when it first dawned on me how staggeringly far away they must be to appear as mere points of light in the sky. I'm not sure I even knew the meaning of the word 'science' then, but I wanted somehow to immerse myself in all that grandeur. I was gripped by the splendour of the Universe, transfixed by the prospect of understanding how things really work, of helping to uncover deep mysteries, of exploring new worlds - maybe even literally. It has been my good fortune to have had that dream in part fulfilled. For me, the romance of science remains as appealing and new as it was on that day, more than half a century ago, when I was shown the wonders of the 1939 World's Fair.
Popularizing science - trying to make its methods and findings accessible to non-scientists - then follows naturally and immediately. Not explaining science seems to me perverse. When you're in love, you want to tell the world. This book is a personal statement, reflecting my lifelong love affair with science.
But there's another reason: science is more than a body of knowledge; it is a way of thinking.
[...]
Adaptado de SAGAN, Carl. The Demon-Haunted World. Science as a Candle in the Dark. Headline Book Publishing, 1997. Disponível em: <http://www.metaphysicspirit.com/books/The%20Demon-Haunted%20World.pdf>. Acesso em: 22/07/2019.
It can be inferred from the text thatResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 35 A 37, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 3 A SEGUIR.
Texto 3
CHAPTER 2
SCIENCE AND HOPE
[...]
I was a child in a time of hope. I wanted to be a scientist from my earliest school days. The crystallizing moment came when I first caught on that the stars are mighty suns, when it first dawned on me how staggeringly far away they must be to appear as mere points of light in the sky. I'm not sure I even knew the meaning of the word 'science' then, but I wanted somehow to immerse myself in all that grandeur. I was gripped by the splendour of the Universe, transfixed by the prospect of understanding how things really work, of helping to uncover deep mysteries, of exploring new worlds - maybe even literally. It has been my good fortune to have had that dream in part fulfilled. For me, the romance of science remains as appealing and new as it was on that day, more than half a century ago, when I was shown the wonders of the 1939 World's Fair.
Popularizing science - trying to make its methods and findings accessible to non-scientists - then follows naturally and immediately. Not explaining science seems to me perverse. When you're in love, you want to tell the world. This book is a personal statement, reflecting my lifelong love affair with science.
But there's another reason: science is more than a body of knowledge; it is a way of thinking.
[...]
Adaptado de SAGAN, Carl. The Demon-Haunted World. Science as a Candle in the Dark. Headline Book Publishing, 1997. Disponível em: <http://www.metaphysicspirit.com/books/The%20Demon-Haunted%20World.pdf>. Acesso em: 22/07/2019.
It can be inferred from the text thatResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 38 a 40, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 4 A SEGUIR.
Texto 4
HOW MUCH CAN WE KNOW?
The reach of the scientific method is constrained by the limitations of our tools and the intrinsic impenetrability of some of nature's deepest questions.
“What we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning,” wrote German physicist Werner Heisenberg, who was the first to fathom the uncertainty inherent in quantum physics. To those who think of science as a direct path to the truth about the world, this quote must be surprising, perhaps even upsetting.
People will quickly counterstrike with something like: Why do airplanes fly or antibiotics work? Why are we able to build machines that process information with such amazing efficiency? Surely, such inventions and so many others are based on laws of nature that function independently of us. There is order in the universe, and science gradually uncovers this order.
No question about it: There is order in the universe, and much of science is about finding patterns of behavior—from quarks to mammals to galaxies—that we translate into general laws. We strip away unnecessary complications and focus on what is essential, the core properties of the system we are studying. We then build a descriptive narrative of how the system behaves, which, in the best cases, is also predictive.
Often overlooked in the excitement of research is that the methodology of science requires interaction with the system we are studying. We observe its behavior, measure its properties, and build mathematical or conceptual models to understand it better. We can see only so far into the nature of things, and our ever shifting scientific worldview reflects this fundamental limitation on how we perceive reality.
Just think of biology before and after the microscope or gene sequencing, or of astronomy before and after the telescope, or of particle physics before and after colliders or fast electronics. Now, as in the 17th century, the theories we build and the worldviews we construct change as our tools of exploration transform. This trend is the trademark of science.
Sometimes people take this statement about the limitation of scientific knowledge as being defeatist: “If we can’t get to the bottom of things, why bother?” This kind of response is misplaced. There is nothing defeatist in understanding the limitations of the scientific approach to knowledge. Science remains our best methodology to build consensus about the workings of nature. What should change is a sense of scientific triumphalism—the belief that no question is beyond the reach of scientific discourse.
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Adaptado de GLEISER, Marcelo. How Much Can We Know? Nature, International Journal of Science. Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05100-5>. Acesso em: 14/08/2019.
Choose the correct option.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
PARA AS QUESTÕES 38 a 40, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 4 A SEGUIR.
Texto 4
HOW MUCH CAN WE KNOW?
The reach of the scientific method is constrained by the limitations of our tools and the intrinsic impenetrability of some of nature's deepest questions.
“What we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning,” wrote German physicist Werner Heisenberg, who was the first to fathom the uncertainty inherent in quantum physics. To those who think of science as a direct path to the truth about the world, this quote must be surprising, perhaps even upsetting.
People will quickly counterstrike with something like: Why do airplanes fly or antibiotics work? Why are we able to build machines that process information with such amazing efficiency? Surely, such inventions and so many others are based on laws of nature that function independently of us. There is order in the universe, and science gradually uncovers this order.
No question about it: There is order in the universe, and much of science is about finding patterns of behavior—from quarks to mammals to galaxies—that we translate into general laws. We strip away unnecessary complications and focus on what is essential, the core properties of the system we are studying. We then build a descriptive narrative of how the system behaves, which, in the best cases, is also predictive.
Often overlooked in the excitement of research is that the methodology of science requires interaction with the system we are studying. We observe its behavior, measure its properties, and build mathematical or conceptual models to understand it better. We can see only so far into the nature of things, and our ever shifting scientific worldview reflects this fundamental limitation on how we perceive reality.
Just think of biology before and after the microscope or gene sequencing, or of astronomy before and after the telescope, or of particle physics before and after colliders or fast electronics. Now, as in the 17th century, the theories we build and the worldviews we construct change as our tools of exploration transform. This trend is the trademark of science.
Sometimes people take this statement about the limitation of scientific knowledge as being defeatist: “If we can’t get to the bottom of things, why bother?” This kind of response is misplaced. There is nothing defeatist in understanding the limitations of the scientific approach to knowledge. Science remains our best methodology to build consensus about the workings of nature. What should change is a sense of scientific triumphalism—the belief that no question is beyond the reach of scientific discourse.
[...]
Adaptado de GLEISER, Marcelo. How Much Can We Know? Nature, International Journal of Science. Disponível em: <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05100-5>. Acesso em: 14/08/2019.
According to the following passage from the text: “Just think of biology before and after the microscope or gene sequencing, or of astronomy before and after the telescope, or of particle physics before and after colliders or fast electronics.”, choose the correct option.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
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