Provas – VaiConcursos

História Primeira República — Tenentismo

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O movimento tenentista, na década de 1920, engloba a Revolta do Forte Copacabana (1922), as Revoltas de 1924 (SP e RS) e a Coluna Prestes (1924-1926). Nenhuma dessas revoltas produziu efeitos imediatos na estrutura política brasileira, mas mantiveram acesa a chama da revolta contra o poder e os privilégios das oligarquias. Associado a outras questões econômicas e políticas nos anos que se seguiram, esse movimento levou à

Selecione uma alternativa A) “República do Café com Leite”. B) Revolução Constitucionalista de 1937. C) Revolução de 1930 e fim da República Velha. D) participação do Brasil na II Guerra Mundial. E) queda de Getúlio Vargas.

Resolução comentada

O tenentismo contribuiu para a Revolução de 1930, que encerrou a República Velha.

O movimento tenentista, somado à crise econômica de 1929 e à cisão das oligarquias, levou à Revolução de 1930. Ela derrubou Washington Luís, impediu a posse de Júlio Prestes e pôs fim à República Velha.

Análise das alternativas

A) A política do Café com Leite é anterior e foi alvo da crítica tenentista. B) A Revolução Constitucionalista foi em 1932, não em 1937. D) A entrada na II Guerra (1942) não decorre do tenentismo. E) A queda de Vargas (1945) não tem relação direta com o movimento.

Referência: Primeira República: Tenentismo e Revolução de 1930.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

História Revolução Cubana

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No final da década de 1950, reagindo à situação de dependência em relação aos EUA, um grupo de guerrilheiros comandados por Fidel Castro e Ernesto “Che” Guevara derrubou Fulgêncio Batista do poder em Cuba, na chamada “Revolução Cubana”. Fidel permaneceria autocraticamente no poder por 49 anos. A respeito do assunto, é correto afirmar que

Selecione uma alternativa A) em 1991, com o fim da URSS, principal parceiro econômico de Cuba, a economia da ilha foi seriamente abalada, o que levou Fidel Castro a flexibilizar a economia, permitindo a abertura para atividades capitalistas e investindo no turismo. B) em 1963, na “Crise dos Mísseis”, um dos momentos mais tensos da Guerra Fria, os EUA tentaram instalar uma base de mísseis na área de Guantânamo. C) a Revolução Cubana iniciou-se com o episódio que ficou conhecido como “Invasão da Baía dos Porcos”. D) nos 49 anos de governo de Fidel Castro, os cidadãos cubanos puderam viajar ou emigrar livremente para onde desejassem. E) além dos inegáveis avanços sociais alcançados, Cuba diversificou sua produção agrícola e conseguiu avançar na industrialização.

Resolução comentada

Com o fim da URSS, Cuba entrou em crise e abriu a economia ao turismo e ao capital estrangeiro.

O colapso soviético em 1991 cortou a ajuda e o comércio subsidiado, e Cuba entrou no 'Período Especial'. Para sobreviver, o regime flexibilizou a economia, aceitando investimento estrangeiro e atividades privadas, e apostou no turismo.

Análise das alternativas

B) A Crise dos Mísseis foi em 1962, e foram os soviéticos que instalaram mísseis em Cuba, não os EUA. C) A Baía dos Porcos (1961) foi uma invasão frustrada, posterior à Revolução. D) Houve fortes restrições à emigração e às viagens. E) Cuba manteve dependência da monocultura da cana e não avançou na industrialização.

Referência: Revolução Cubana e o Período Especial pós-URSS.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

História Atentados de 11 de Setembro de 2001

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Em 11 de setembro de 2001, num contexto de radicalização crescente, um grupo fundamentalista islâmico lançou aviões comerciais sequestrados contra símbolos do poderio econômico norte-americano. A respeito do assunto é correto afirmar que

Selecione uma alternativa A) como reação, os EUA invadiriam posteriormente o Irã, sob o pretexto de que esse país possuía armas de destruição em massa, que poderiam ser usadas por terroristas a qualquer momento. B) o governo norte-americano declarou que, a partir de então, adotaria a “Guerra Preventiva” contra qualquer país que efetivamente atacasse os EUA. C) o governo Talibã do Afeganistão, que acobertava Osama Bin Laden, seguiu no poder, apesar dos ataques norte-americanos. D) nos referidos atentados terroristas, morreram mais de 3.000 pessoas, de diferentes nacionalidades, sem que houvesse brasileiros entre as vítimas. E) nenhuma das alternativas anteriores está correta.

Resolução comentada

Nenhuma das afirmações sobre o 11 de setembro está correta.

As alternativas A a D trazem erros factuais, por isso a correta é a E. A invasão posterior foi ao Iraque, não ao Irã. O governo Talibã foi derrubado em 2001. Houve brasileiros entre as vítimas.

Análise das alternativas

A) A invasão de 2003, justificada por supostas armas de destruição em massa, foi ao Iraque, não ao Irã. B) A Doutrina Bush da guerra preventiva previa atacar países que ameaçassem os EUA, não apenas os que os atacassem de fato. C) O regime Talibã foi derrubado pela intervenção de 2001. D) Brasileiros morreram nos atentados.

Referência: Atentados de 11/09/2001 e Doutrina Bush.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

História Segundo Reinado — Abolição da Escravatura

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Durante o século XIX, a escravidão africana atingiu seu ponto máximo no Brasil, período em que o número de africanos obrigados a vir para o Brasil correspondeu a mais de 40% do total trazido desde o início do comércio negreiro, no século XVI. Todavia, pode-se afirmar que a escravidão foi formalmente extinta no Brasil em 13 de maio de 1888, com a promulgação da Lei Áurea

Selecione uma alternativa A) por Zumbi dos Palmares. B) pela Princesa Isabel. C) por Euzébio de Queiroz. D) por D. Pedro II. E) Nenhuma das opções anteriores.

Resolução comentada

A Lei Áurea (1888) foi assinada pela Princesa Isabel.

Em 13 de maio de 1888, a Princesa Isabel, regente na ausência de D. Pedro II, sancionou a Lei Áurea. Ela extinguiu formalmente a escravidão no Brasil.

Análise das alternativas

A) Zumbi viveu no século XVII e liderou o Quilombo dos Palmares. C) Eusébio de Queirós foi autor da lei de 1850 que proibiu o tráfico negreiro. D) D. Pedro II era o imperador, mas quem assinou a lei foi a regente. E) Há alternativa correta.

Referência: Segundo Reinado: abolição da escravatura (Lei Áurea, 1888).

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they look (1)________ the mirror.
I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.
If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re worrying about not being good (2)________ something, what would you say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe (3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for yourself.
Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.

Choose the most appropriate title for the text.

Selecione uma alternativa A) Why are you so tired? B) Who’s your biggest critic? C) How often do you talk to a friend? D) Where’s the best place to relax? E) Is it the voice of your parents?

Resolução comentada

O texto trata do maior crítico de cada pessoa, que é a própria voz interna.

O texto afirma que o pior crítico do mentorado é aquele que ele vê no espelho, a voz interna. Depois propõe criar um 'líder de torcida' interno. O título mais adequado é 'Who's your biggest critic?'.

Análise das alternativas

A) O cansaço é só um detalhe citado, não o tema. C) A frequência de conversas com amigos não é discutida. D) O texto não fala de lugar para relaxar. E) A voz dos pais é apenas um dos exemplos de crítico interno, não o foco.

Referência: Interpretação de texto em inglês: identificação da ideia central e escolha de título.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Vocabulário em Contexto

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they look (1)________ the mirror.
I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.
If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re worrying about not being good (2)________ something, what would you say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe (3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for yourself.
Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.

Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes counteract in the sentence “You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.” (paragraph 2).

Resolução comentada

Counteract = neutralize.

"Counteract" significa agir contra algo para reduzir ou anular seu efeito, ou seja, "neutralize". A frase fala em criar uma estratégia contra as vozes internas críticas.

Análise das alternativas

B) Encourage significa incentivar. C) Forget significa esquecer. D) Remember significa lembrar. E) Listen to significa ouvir; o texto diz o contrário.

Referência: Vocabulary in context: synonyms.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Preposições

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they look (1)________ the mirror.
I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.
If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re worrying about not being good (2)________ something, what would you say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe (3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for yourself.
Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.

Choose the alternative with prepositions that respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in the correct way.

Resolução comentada

Preposições: look in the mirror, good at, believe in.

Usa-se "look in the mirror", "good at something" e "believe in someone". Logo, in, at, in.

Análise das alternativas

A) "good in" e "believe on" não são usados assim. B) "believe at" está errado. C) "look at the mirror" e "believe on" estão errados. D) "look on the mirror" e "good in" estão errados.

Referência: Prepositions: collocations (good at, believe in).

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Pronomes Relativos

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
Cornelius Ryan, the Irish D-Day Reporter Who Re-Invented Journalism
The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius Ryan, whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and its aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The Longest Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely war correspondent.
Ryan was on a boat that ditched on Normandy Beach on June 6, 1944. He followed the Allied invasion attached to General Patton’s army. Years later he put together perhaps the best book about war ever written. It was exquisite writing and research, and as Michael Shapiro wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review in 2010, “it broke completely new ground”.
Shapiro wrote, “The book (The Longest Day) was a triumph, earning rave reviews and sales that, within a few years, would stretch into the tens of millions in eighteen different languages. I opened the book on the eve of a long weekend. I was hooked after a single page. Something was taking place in the telling of this story that transcended journalism.”
The book was written when Ryan placed an ad in several newspapers in 1957 which went, “June 6th, 1944: Were You There?” One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote back. And of that group, he interviewed 172 alone or with his assistants. Out of that came a book that puts you at the heart of the greatest invasion of all time. You are there as the invasion forces first gain the beaches and the Germans, taken by surprise, fight back furiously.
Ryan died at just 54 from prostate cancer. On his gravestone in Connecticut is his name and one word: “Reporter.” No one has earned that title more. He deserves to be remembered.
Adapted from https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/cornelius-ryan-irish-dday-reporter.

In the sentence “...whose massive ‘I was there’ coverage of D-Day…” (paragraph 1), the word whose refers to

Selecione uma alternativa A) literary journalism. B) D-Day. C) journalism. D) Cornelius Ryan. E) books and movies.

Resolução comentada

"Whose" retoma Cornelius Ryan.

"Whose" é pronome relativo possessivo e indica posse: a cobertura "I was there" é de Cornelius Ryan, antecedente imediato na frase.

Análise das alternativas

A) e C) Journalism faz parte da descrição "father of modern literary journalism", mas não é o possuidor da cobertura. B) D-Day é o objeto da cobertura. E) Books and movies são resultado da cobertura, não seus possuidores.

Referência: Relative pronouns: whose.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
Cornelius Ryan, the Irish D-Day Reporter Who Re-Invented Journalism
The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius Ryan, whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and its aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The Longest Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely war correspondent.
Ryan was on a boat that ditched on Normandy Beach on June 6, 1944. He followed the Allied invasion attached to General Patton’s army. Years later he put together perhaps the best book about war ever written. It was exquisite writing and research, and as Michael Shapiro wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review in 2010, “it broke completely new ground”.
Shapiro wrote, “The book (The Longest Day) was a triumph, earning rave reviews and sales that, within a few years, would stretch into the tens of millions in eighteen different languages. I opened the book on the eve of a long weekend. I was hooked after a single page. Something was taking place in the telling of this story that transcended journalism.”
The book was written when Ryan placed an ad in several newspapers in 1957 which went, “June 6th, 1944: Were You There?” One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote back. And of that group, he interviewed 172 alone or with his assistants. Out of that came a book that puts you at the heart of the greatest invasion of all time. You are there as the invasion forces first gain the beaches and the Germans, taken by surprise, fight back furiously.
Ryan died at just 54 from prostate cancer. On his gravestone in Connecticut is his name and one word: “Reporter.” No one has earned that title more. He deserves to be remembered.
Adapted from https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/cornelius-ryan-irish-dday-reporter.

How many people wrote back when Ryan placed an ad in the newspapers in 1957 (paragraph 4)?

Resolução comentada

Responderam 1.150 pessoas.

O texto diz "One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote back", ou seja, 1.150.

Análise das alternativas

A) 1.155, B) 1.550, D) 1.105 e E) 1.115 não correspondem ao número por extenso no texto.

Referência: Reading comprehension: informação específica.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
Cornelius Ryan, the Irish D-Day Reporter Who Re-Invented Journalism
The father of modern literary journalism is Cornelius Ryan, whose massive “I was there” coverage of D-Day and its aftermath led to two incredible books and movies, The Longest Day and A Bridge Too Far. He was an unlikely war correspondent.
Ryan was on a boat that ditched on Normandy Beach on June 6, 1944. He followed the Allied invasion attached to General Patton’s army. Years later he put together perhaps the best book about war ever written. It was exquisite writing and research, and as Michael Shapiro wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review in 2010, “it broke completely new ground”.
Shapiro wrote, “The book (The Longest Day) was a triumph, earning rave reviews and sales that, within a few years, would stretch into the tens of millions in eighteen different languages. I opened the book on the eve of a long weekend. I was hooked after a single page. Something was taking place in the telling of this story that transcended journalism.”
The book was written when Ryan placed an ad in several newspapers in 1957 which went, “June 6th, 1944: Were You There?” One thousand, one hundred, and fifty people wrote back. And of that group, he interviewed 172 alone or with his assistants. Out of that came a book that puts you at the heart of the greatest invasion of all time. You are there as the invasion forces first gain the beaches and the Germans, taken by surprise, fight back furiously.
Ryan died at just 54 from prostate cancer. On his gravestone in Connecticut is his name and one word: “Reporter.” No one has earned that title more. He deserves to be remembered.
Adapted from https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/cornelius-ryan-irish-dday-reporter.

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I – Cornelius Ryan was a reporter who documented WWII’s D-day and made history in journalism.
II – The book The Longest Day was written in 1944 on the eve of a long weekend.
III – “It broke completely new ground” (paragraph 2) means Ryan’s book was different from anything that had been done before.
IV – Ryan’s book The Longest Day was published in 18 different countries, but only in English.
V – The interviews of 1957 took place on several beaches, but were not used in the book The Longest Day.

Selecione uma alternativa A) I and III are correct. B) I, II and III are correct. C) II, III and V are correct. D) IV and V are correct. E) I and V are correct.

Resolução comentada

Estão corretas I e III.

I está certa: Ryan cobriu o Dia D e revolucionou o jornalismo. III está certa: "broke completely new ground" significa que o livro inovou, diferindo de tudo o que existia.

Análise das alternativas

II está errada: o livro foi escrito depois de 1957, e a "véspera do fim de semana" refere-se à leitura de Shapiro. IV está errada: foi publicado em 18 idiomas, não só em inglês. V está errada: as entrevistas resultaram no livro.

Referência: Reading comprehension: true or false statements.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
Romance and Reality
Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.
Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.
Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?
Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.
Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality.

According to the text, choose the correct statement.

Selecione uma alternativa A) Poetry is responsible for bringing subjects such as philosophy, politics, and law to West Point curriculum. B) Poetry, history, philosophy, politics and law help combat leaders to think critically and analyse problems from different points of view. C) Poetry is important because it brings irony, rhyme, and meter to the cadets’ curriculum. D) Combat leaders must review all the curriculum on English literature before making important decisions. E) America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying schoolbooks that carry solutions to all the problems.

Resolução comentada

As disciplinas ajudam a pensar criticamente e ver os problemas por várias perspectivas.

O texto diz que poesia, história, filosofia, política e direito dão novas ideias, perspectivas e valores, e que os líderes aprendem "how to think".

Análise das alternativas

A) O texto não diz que a poesia trouxe as outras matérias ao currículo. C) Poesia é importante por confrontar os cadetes com novas ideias, não por trazer ironia, rima e métrica. D) O texto não diz que revisam toda a literatura antes de decidir. E) O texto diz que não existem soluções prontas nos livros.

Referência: Reading comprehension.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Verbos Modais

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Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
Romance and Reality
Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.
Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.
Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?
Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.
Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality.

According to the sentence “Cadets must also recite poems from memory” (paragraph 2), it is correct to say that cadets

Selecione uma alternativa A) can recite poems from memory if they want to. B) will recite poems from memory if they feel comfortable to do it. C) have to recite poems from memory, even if they do not want to. D) should recite poems if they are able to. E) may recite poems from memory in case they are allowed to.

Resolução comentada

"Must" expressa obrigação: os cadetes têm de recitar.

"Must" indica obrigação ou necessidade. "Cadets must also recite poems" equivale a "have to recite", mesmo que não queiram.

Análise das alternativas

A) "can ... if they want" indica permissão ou capacidade. B) "will ... if comfortable" é condicional e não indica obrigação. D) "should" é conselho, não obrigação. E) "may ... in case they are allowed" indica permissão.

Referência: Modal verbs: must (obligation).

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Vocabulário em Contexto

EsPCEx 2022

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
Romance and Reality
Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.
Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.
Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?
Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.
Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality.

Choose the words that correctly and respectively substitute meanwhile and hurdles (paragraph 2).

Selecione uma alternativa A) ironically and excitements B) contradictorily and obstacles C) simultaneously and hobbies D) simultaneously and obstacles E) erroneously and advantages

Resolução comentada

Meanwhile = simultaneously; hurdles = obstacles.

"Meanwhile" indica algo que ocorre ao mesmo tempo, daí "simultaneously". "Hurdles" são obstáculos ou dificuldades, daí "obstacles", coerente com "one of their toughest hurdles".

Análise das alternativas

A) "Ironically" e "excitements" mudam o sentido. B) "Contradictorily" não equivale a meanwhile. C) "Hobbies" não é sinônimo de hurdles. E) "Erroneously" e "advantages" estão errados.

Referência: Vocabulary: sinônimos em contexto.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Vocabulário em Contexto

EsPCEx 2022

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021
Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.
For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases.
Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites.
There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links.
Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.

Scammer is a recurring word in the text. We can define “scammer” as someone who

Selecione uma alternativa A) is in charge of a newspaper or magazine. B) persuades people to work for a company. C) writes books or articles to be published. D) makes money using illegal methods. E) manages local government services.

Resolução comentada

Scammer é quem ganha dinheiro por meios ilegais.

Pelo texto, scammers são golpistas que enganam pessoas para obter dinheiro, ou seja, ganham dinheiro por métodos ilegais.

Análise das alternativas

A) Descreve um editor. B) Descreve um recrutador. C) Descreve um escritor/autor. E) Descreve um administrador de serviços públicos locais.

Referência: Vocabulary in context.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Verbos — Colocações (Collocations)

EsPCEx 2022

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021
Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.
For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases.
Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites.
There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links.
Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.

Choose the alternative with verbs that respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in the correct way.

Selecione uma alternativa A) have, go, do B) keep, do, make C) make, keep, have D) do, make, go E) keep, make, have

Resolução comentada

Colocações corretas: keep in touch, make new friends, have fun.

As expressões fixas em inglês são "keep in touch", "make new friends" e "have fun". Assim, a sequência keep, make, have é a correta.

Análise das alternativas

A) "have in touch" e "go new friends" estão erradas. B) "do new friends" e "make fun" (que significa zombar) não servem. C) "make in touch" está errada. D) "do in touch" está errada.

Referência: Collocations: keep in touch, make friends, have fun.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

EsPCEx 2022

Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx · Caderno Modelo D

Gabarito disponível

Texto-base:
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021
Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021.
For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases.
Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites.
There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links.
Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.

The second paragraph of the text states that

Selecione uma alternativa A) we have to deal with fake news all the time and try to combat it. B) romance scams are the most profitable fraud on social media. C) your online activity and personal information can be easily captured by criminals. D) scammers use social media platforms to promote false investment opportunities. E) scammers who lost money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad.

Resolução comentada

O 2º parágrafo diz que informações pessoais online são facilmente exploradas por golpistas.

O parágrafo 2 lista o que atrai os golpistas: alcance barato, perfis falsos ou hackeados e a possibilidade de estudar os dados pessoais compartilhados para direcionar anúncios falsos. Isso corresponde a dizer que a atividade e os dados pessoais podem ser capturados com facilidade.

Análise das alternativas

A) Fake news não é mencionada. B) Os romance scams como segundo golpe mais lucrativo estão no parágrafo 3, e o texto não diz que são os mais lucrativos. D) Os golpes de investimento aparecem no parágrafo 3. E) A informação sobre perdas em 2021 está no parágrafo 1.

Referência: Reading comprehension: identificação de ideias por parágrafo.

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.