← Voltar para a lista de provas Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx) — Exército Brasileiro · Concurso de Admissão à EsPCEx 56 questões nesta prova · página 3 de 3 · 56 com gabarito Gabarito disponível Gabarito disponível Gabarito disponível A Reconquista Cristã foi a luta contra os árabes muçulmanos (mouros) na Península Ibérica. A partir de 711 (século VIII), os árabes muçulmanos, também chamados de mouros, invadiram e dominaram boa parte da Península Ibérica. A expulsão deles pelos reinos cristãos ao longo da Idade Média é a Reconquista, e nela se formaram Portugal e Espanha. A) Os romanos dominaram a Península na Antiguidade, muito antes. B) Visigodos e ostrogodos são povos bárbaros do período das invasões germânicas. Os visigodos ocuparam a região no século V, e os ostrogodos se fixaram na Itália. C) Os tártaro-mongóis não invadiram a Península Ibérica. D) Os germanos (suevos, vândalos, visigodos) chegaram no século V, não no VIII. Referência: História Geral – Formação das monarquias ibéricas e Reconquista Cristã Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Gabarito disponível 'Them' e 'their' retomam 'American military personnel'. Na frase anterior, 'American military personnel loved the shows'. As piadas de Hope faziam esses militares rirem ('made them laugh') e tiravam suas mentes da guerra ('their minds'). Os pronomes referem-se, portanto, ao pessoal militar americano. A) Errada: 'shows' não é quem ri nem quem tem mente. B) Errada: as piadas são o sujeito da ação. C) Errada: Hope e sua trupe fazem as piadas, e não são quem se distrai. E) Errada: 'minds' faz parte da expressão 'their minds'. Referência: Referência pronominal (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Preposições: 'depends on' e 'think of'. O verbo 'depend' exige 'on' (depends on). A expressão 'think of something' (pensar em algo) aceita 'of' no contexto. A combinação on/of é a da alternativa E. A) Errada: 'depends of' é incorreto. B) Errada: 'depends of' é incorreto. C) Errada: 'think in' não é a preposição usada. D) Errada: 'depends about' é incorreto. Referência: Verbos preposicionados (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Estão corretas III e IV. III) Rádio, filmes e shows da USO são citados como entretenimento na Segunda Guerra. IV) O texto afirma que a moral é essencial e que o entretenimento teve papel crucial nela. I) Errada: foi Bob Hope quem fez os militares rirem. II) Errada: a turnê passou pelo Havaí e por outras ilhas, e não terminou lá. V) Errada: foram 150 shows em dois meses, e não 115 em sessenta dias. Referência: Interpretação de texto (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Lacunas: 'healthier' e 'kinder' (comparativos). A estrutura 'which of these two diets' compara duas opções, o que exige comparativo: 'healthier' e 'kinder'. O superlativo só seria usado para mais de dois elementos. A) Errada: 'health' é substantivo. B) Errada: 'healthy' é adjetivo simples, e 'the kindest' é superlativo. D) Errada: os dois são superlativos. E) Errada: 'the kindest' é superlativo, inadequado para duas opções. Referência: Grau comparativo dos adjetivos (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível A lacuna 3 pede o gerúndio: 'eating'. A expressão 'over a 12-week period eating the same number of calories' usa um particípio presente ou gerúndio como modificador, indicando uma ação simultânea. Por isso a forma correta é 'eating'. A) Errada: 'eat' é infinitivo sem 'to' e não cabe aí. C) Errada: 'eats' é uma forma conjugada. D) Errada: 'has eaten' é uma forma conjugada. E) Errada: 'eaten' dá sentido passivo e não se encaixa. Referência: Gerúndio (-ing) como modificador (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível 'Lulls' indica períodos de calmaria, como o gabarito aponta. 'Lulls' são períodos de calma ou de queda de atividade. Em contraste com 'very energetic', o gabarito indica 'calm' como o sentido pretendido. A) Errada: a banca não considera 'tired' como o sentido. B) Errada: 'excited' é o oposto de 'lulls'. C) Errada: 'stressed' não é o sentido. D) Errada: 'happy' não é o sentido. Referência: Vocabulário em contexto (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível O melhor título é 'Couple leave ticketless baby at Israeli airport check-in'. O texto narra que um casal deixou o bebê, sem passagem, no balcão de check-in em Tel Aviv. A alternativa D resume isso fielmente. A) Errada: o bebê não foi achado no estacionamento. B) Errada: o casal não 'esqueceu' o filho, e o texto não diz que viajaram. C) Errada: o voo era de Tel Aviv para Bruxelas, e o bebê não foi achado em voo. E) Errada: o motivo não foi passaporte vencido. Referência: Interpretação de texto — título adequado (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível A CNN obteve as informações por e-mail e por telefone. O texto cita uma porta-voz da Ryanair que falou à CNN 'in an email' e um porta-voz da polícia que falou 'in a phone call'. Logo, as fontes foram e-mail e telefonema. A) Errada: não se cita rede social nem mensagem de texto. C) Errada: não se mencionam programas de TV nem entrevistas. D) Errada: não há carta nem rádio. E) Errada: não há videochamada; o site da Ryanair é só uma fonte consultada. Referência: Interpretação de texto (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Ida e volta custam 25 euros por trecho, ou seja, 50 euros. O texto informa a taxa de €25 por voo de ida (one-way) com o bebê no colo. Em um bilhete de ida e volta são dois trechos: 2 × €25 = €50. A) Errada: €25 é só um trecho. B) Errada: a moeda é o euro, e não o dólar. C) Errada: $27 é o valor de um trecho em dólares. E) Errada: o valor não aparece no texto. Referência: Interpretação de texto (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível 'Countless' equivale a 'too many' entre as opções. 'Countless' significa incontável, em número muito grande. Entre as alternativas, 'too many' é a que expressa grande quantidade, sendo a mais próxima em sentido. A) Errada: 'a few' indica pouco. B) Errada: 'few' indica pouco. D) Errada: 'some' indica quantidade moderada ou indefinida. E) Errada: 'no' significa nenhum. Referência: Vocabulário em contexto (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos. Gabarito disponível Gabarito disponível Estão corretas as afirmativas I, III e V. I) O texto diz que os primeiros trajes foram prateados. III) Na ida e na volta, os astronautas usam um traje laranja vibrante. V) Os trajes coloridos poderiam ajudar contra o tédio e a depressão na missão a Marte. II) Errada: a atmosfera protege contra 77% da radiação, e a Terra não 'recebe' 77%. IV) Errada: o texto diz que hoje existem meios sofisticados de localização, como GPS e transponders. Referência: Interpretação de texto (inglês). Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.EsPCEx — Concurso de Admissão 2023 — Provas de Matemática, Geografia, História e Inglês (2º dia) — Modelo D
I – Para enfrentar as crises herdadas, Gorbachev propôs um amplo programa de reformas econômicas (Perestroika) e políticas (Glasnost).
II – Em agosto de 1991, os conservadores, liderados por Boris Yeltsin, desfecharam um golpe de Estado para derrubar Gorbachev.
III – As reformas de Gorbachev sofreram forte oposição interna, tanto da ala conservadora do Partido Comunista, como da ala ultrarreformista.
IV – Logo após a extinção da União Soviética, foi criada a Comunidade dos Estados Independentes (CEI), reunindo diversas ex-repúblicas soviéticas.
Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
I – Portugal foi o primeiro país europeu a instituir uma monarquia nacional centralizada.
II – Os portugueses aperfeiçoaram mapas e inventaram a caravela.
III – A posição geográfica de Portugal não teve grande influência.
IV – Com a invenção da imprensa, a popularização dos livros incentivou as pessoas a se aventurarem em busca de riqueza, fama e glória.
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
Entertainment
In the summer of 1944, the popular comedian and radio personality Bob Hope began another of his famous tours of military camps for the United Service Organizations (USO). This particular tour made stops in Hawaii and on small islands all across the Pacific theater, where Hope and his troupe performed 150 shows in two months. American military personnel loved the shows. Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes. Entertainment gave them something to fight for.
Military commanders in all wars throughout history have understood that morale is essential to a force’s willingness to fight and endure hardship. While good morale depends (1)_______many things, including good leadership, clear purposes and good food, entertainment played a crucial role in the morale of American military forces during World War II (WWII). Entertainment also served particular purposes for different constituent groups. Of course, entertainment gave servicemen a break from the stresses and the boredom of war. Radio programs, movie showings, USO shows, and visits from Red Cross women serving donuts all allowed soldiers to think (2) ________ something besides the war, to relax and even to laugh.
Adapted from https://americansoldierww2.org/topics/entertainment
In the sentence “Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes.” (paragraph 1), the words them and their refer toResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
Entertainment
In the summer of 1944, the popular comedian and radio personality Bob Hope began another of his famous tours of military camps for the United Service Organizations (USO). This particular tour made stops in Hawaii and on small islands all across the Pacific theater, where Hope and his troupe performed 150 shows in two months. American military personnel loved the shows. Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes. Entertainment gave them something to fight for.
Military commanders in all wars throughout history have understood that morale is essential to a force’s willingness to fight and endure hardship. While good morale depends (1)_______many things, including good leadership, clear purposes and good food, entertainment played a crucial role in the morale of American military forces during World War II (WWII). Entertainment also served particular purposes for different constituent groups. Of course, entertainment gave servicemen a break from the stresses and the boredom of war. Radio programs, movie showings, USO shows, and visits from Red Cross women serving donuts all allowed soldiers to think (2) ________ something besides the war, to relax and even to laugh.
Adapted from https://americansoldierww2.org/topics/entertainment
Choose the alternative with prepositions that respectively complete gaps (1) and (2) in the correct way. (paragraph 2)Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
Entertainment
In the summer of 1944, the popular comedian and radio personality Bob Hope began another of his famous tours of military camps for the United Service Organizations (USO). This particular tour made stops in Hawaii and on small islands all across the Pacific theater, where Hope and his troupe performed 150 shows in two months. American military personnel loved the shows. Hope’s jokes and silly stunts made them laugh and took their minds away from the war for a few minutes. Entertainment gave them something to fight for.
Military commanders in all wars throughout history have understood that morale is essential to a force’s willingness to fight and endure hardship. While good morale depends (1)_______many things, including good leadership, clear purposes and good food, entertainment played a crucial role in the morale of American military forces during World War II (WWII). Entertainment also served particular purposes for different constituent groups. Of course, entertainment gave servicemen a break from the stresses and the boredom of war. Radio programs, movie showings, USO shows, and visits from Red Cross women serving donuts all allowed soldiers to think (2) ________ something besides the war, to relax and even to laugh.
Adapted from https://americansoldierww2.org/topics/entertainment
According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I - Military servicemen made Bob Hope laugh.
II - The tour terminated in Hawaii.
III - Radio programs, movie showings and USO shows are examples of entertainment during WWII.
IV - Entertainment is essential to elevate the morale of the military personnel during war.
V - Bob Hope and his troupe performed a hundred fifteen shows in sixty days.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
Identical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body
In 2021, a set of identical twins took part in an experiment that involved one going vegan while the other consumed meat to see which of these two diets is (1) ________. The diets are complete polar opposites, but which one is being (2) _____ to your body?
Well, explorers Hugo and Ross Turner decided to put the plant-based and omnivore diets to the test to see which was better - with Hugo ditching meat and dairy and Ross sticking to a diet that included meat, dairy and fish. The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a 12-week period (3) _____ the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same gym training.
Hugo admitted that the switch to a plant-based diet hadn’t been easy, but he eventually ended up feeling more energetic. "I was on the vegan diet and it really does take a hit on your body. I was now having to eat fruit and nuts and alternatives that didn’t have any dairy in them - and so that meant I was eating a lot more wholesome food, which meant that my sugar levels were a lot satiated during the day. I felt like I had more energy.”
On the other hand, Ross' meat-eating journey was a little different. As he said, his gym performance was ‘up and down a little bit more’. He added that on some days of the challenge he felt ‘very energetic’ and on others he would have ‘huge lulls'.
By the end of the 12-week study, the men found that the differences between the two diets weren’t very significant, after all.
Adapted from https://www.ladbible.com/community/twins-vegan-meat-diet-233165-20230217
Choose the alternative with words that respectively complete gaps (1) and (2). (paragraph 1)Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
Identical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body
In 2021, a set of identical twins took part in an experiment that involved one going vegan while the other consumed meat to see which of these two diets is (1) ________. The diets are complete polar opposites, but which one is being (2) _____ to your body?
Well, explorers Hugo and Ross Turner decided to put the plant-based and omnivore diets to the test to see which was better - with Hugo ditching meat and dairy and Ross sticking to a diet that included meat, dairy and fish. The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a 12-week period (3) _____ the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same gym training.
Hugo admitted that the switch to a plant-based diet hadn’t been easy, but he eventually ended up feeling more energetic. "I was on the vegan diet and it really does take a hit on your body. I was now having to eat fruit and nuts and alternatives that didn’t have any dairy in them - and so that meant I was eating a lot more wholesome food, which meant that my sugar levels were a lot satiated during the day. I felt like I had more energy.”
On the other hand, Ross' meat-eating journey was a little different. As he said, his gym performance was ‘up and down a little bit more’. He added that on some days of the challenge he felt ‘very energetic’ and on others he would have ‘huge lulls'.
By the end of the 12-week study, the men found that the differences between the two diets weren’t very significant, after all.
Adapted from https://www.ladbible.com/community/twins-vegan-meat-diet-233165-20230217
Choose the alternative which best completes gap (3) in paragraph 2.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
Identical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body
In 2021, a set of identical twins took part in an experiment that involved one going vegan while the other consumed meat to see which of these two diets is (1) ________. The diets are complete polar opposites, but which one is being (2) _____ to your body?
Well, explorers Hugo and Ross Turner decided to put the plant-based and omnivore diets to the test to see which was better - with Hugo ditching meat and dairy and Ross sticking to a diet that included meat, dairy and fish. The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a 12-week period (3) _____ the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same gym training.
Hugo admitted that the switch to a plant-based diet hadn’t been easy, but he eventually ended up feeling more energetic. "I was on the vegan diet and it really does take a hit on your body. I was now having to eat fruit and nuts and alternatives that didn’t have any dairy in them - and so that meant I was eating a lot more wholesome food, which meant that my sugar levels were a lot satiated during the day. I felt like I had more energy.”
On the other hand, Ross' meat-eating journey was a little different. As he said, his gym performance was ‘up and down a little bit more’. He added that on some days of the challenge he felt ‘very energetic’ and on others he would have ‘huge lulls'.
By the end of the 12-week study, the men found that the differences between the two diets weren’t very significant, after all.
Adapted from https://www.ladbible.com/community/twins-vegan-meat-diet-233165-20230217
In the sentence “He added that on some days of the challenge he felt ‘very energetic’ and on others he would have ‘huge lulls'.” (paragraph 4), the word lulls means Ross feltResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
(CNN) — A couple abandoned their baby at an airport check-in desk in Tel Aviv, Israel after arriving without a ticket for the child. The pair, who have not been identified, were checking in for a Ryanair flight from Ben Gurion International Airport to Brussels, Belgium on Tuesday with the infant. It emerged that the baby did not have a ticket, and the couple headed off to board the flight - leaving their child behind on the airline check-in counter.
“The matter was referred to police”, a spokeswoman for Ryanair told CNN in an email. She said: "These passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Brussels presented at check-in without a booking for their infant. They then proceeded to security leaving the infant behind at check-in. The check-in agent at Ben Gurion Airport contacted Airport Security, who retrieved these passengers, and this is now a matter for local police."
According to Ryanair's website, "infants can be included in a flight reservation during the online booking process." When making plans to travel with an infant, a pop-up message appears on the site stating that there is a €25 ($27) charge - or the local currency equivalent - for each one-way flight the baby takes while sitting on an adult's lap. A seat must be paid for by separate arrangement if the adults want the baby to travel in a car seat.
The Israeli Airport Authority confirmed the episode to CNN and said in a statement: "A couple and an infant with Belgian passports arrived for a flight at Terminal 1 without a ticket for the baby. The couple also arrived late for the flight, once the check-in for the flight was closed. The couple left the infant seat with the baby and ran toward the security checks at Terminal 1 in an attempt to reach the boarding gate for the flight."
A spokesman for Israel Police told CNN in a phone call that the matter appeared to have been resolved by the time police arrived on the scene. He said: "The baby was with the parents and there's no further investigation."
Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/travel
Choose the most appropriate title for the text.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
(CNN) — A couple abandoned their baby at an airport check-in desk in Tel Aviv, Israel after arriving without a ticket for the child. The pair, who have not been identified, were checking in for a Ryanair flight from Ben Gurion International Airport to Brussels, Belgium on Tuesday with the infant. It emerged that the baby did not have a ticket, and the couple headed off to board the flight - leaving their child behind on the airline check-in counter.
“The matter was referred to police”, a spokeswoman for Ryanair told CNN in an email. She said: "These passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Brussels presented at check-in without a booking for their infant. They then proceeded to security leaving the infant behind at check-in. The check-in agent at Ben Gurion Airport contacted Airport Security, who retrieved these passengers, and this is now a matter for local police."
According to Ryanair's website, "infants can be included in a flight reservation during the online booking process." When making plans to travel with an infant, a pop-up message appears on the site stating that there is a €25 ($27) charge - or the local currency equivalent - for each one-way flight the baby takes while sitting on an adult's lap. A seat must be paid for by separate arrangement if the adults want the baby to travel in a car seat.
The Israeli Airport Authority confirmed the episode to CNN and said in a statement: "A couple and an infant with Belgian passports arrived for a flight at Terminal 1 without a ticket for the baby. The couple also arrived late for the flight, once the check-in for the flight was closed. The couple left the infant seat with the baby and ran toward the security checks at Terminal 1 in an attempt to reach the boarding gate for the flight."
A spokesman for Israel Police told CNN in a phone call that the matter appeared to have been resolved by the time police arrived on the scene. He said: "The baby was with the parents and there's no further investigation."
Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/travel
CNN obtained information to write the article throughResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
(Título omitido propositadamente)
(CNN) — A couple abandoned their baby at an airport check-in desk in Tel Aviv, Israel after arriving without a ticket for the child. The pair, who have not been identified, were checking in for a Ryanair flight from Ben Gurion International Airport to Brussels, Belgium on Tuesday with the infant. It emerged that the baby did not have a ticket, and the couple headed off to board the flight - leaving their child behind on the airline check-in counter.
“The matter was referred to police”, a spokeswoman for Ryanair told CNN in an email. She said: "These passengers traveling from Tel Aviv to Brussels presented at check-in without a booking for their infant. They then proceeded to security leaving the infant behind at check-in. The check-in agent at Ben Gurion Airport contacted Airport Security, who retrieved these passengers, and this is now a matter for local police."
According to Ryanair's website, "infants can be included in a flight reservation during the online booking process." When making plans to travel with an infant, a pop-up message appears on the site stating that there is a €25 ($27) charge - or the local currency equivalent - for each one-way flight the baby takes while sitting on an adult's lap. A seat must be paid for by separate arrangement if the adults want the baby to travel in a car seat.
The Israeli Airport Authority confirmed the episode to CNN and said in a statement: "A couple and an infant with Belgian passports arrived for a flight at Terminal 1 without a ticket for the baby. The couple also arrived late for the flight, once the check-in for the flight was closed. The couple left the infant seat with the baby and ran toward the security checks at Terminal 1 in an attempt to reach the boarding gate for the flight."
A spokesman for Israel Police told CNN in a phone call that the matter appeared to have been resolved by the time police arrived on the scene. He said: "The baby was with the parents and there's no further investigation."
Adapted from https://edition.cnn.com/travel
A round-trip ticket for an infant on an adult’s lap costsResolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Why NASA spacesuits are white
What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White, and today's ISS (International Space Station) astronauts have in common? They all wore a white spacesuit. And they’re not alone. Beyond NASA, space programs in countries like Russia and China also use white suits. Not the colors of the Russian flag or China's iconic yellow and red, just white. That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives. NASA didn't always have white spacesuits. Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum of space. And that's the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective. And the best color for that isn't silver, it's white.
Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation. But astronauts in space don't have that natural shield, which makes them vulnerable to blistering temperatures, severe sunburn, and even cancer-causing cell damage. So to combat that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun's harmful radiation.
But those white EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits aren't the only garment in an astronaut's closet. When heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit because that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention, so if there's a malfunction during landing and astronauts have to abandon ship, so to speak, they need to be easy to spot for rescue crews.
That being said, times are changing. Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices. NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard yellow. And in the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars. It will be the longest crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression. That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.
Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/why-are-nasa-spacesuits-white-2019-4
Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes countless in the sentence “That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives.” (paragraph 1)Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Why NASA spacesuits are white
What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White, and today's ISS (International Space Station) astronauts have in common? They all wore a white spacesuit. And they’re not alone. Beyond NASA, space programs in countries like Russia and China also use white suits. Not the colors of the Russian flag or China's iconic yellow and red, just white. That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives. NASA didn't always have white spacesuits. Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum of space. And that's the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective. And the best color for that isn't silver, it's white.
Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation. But astronauts in space don't have that natural shield, which makes them vulnerable to blistering temperatures, severe sunburn, and even cancer-causing cell damage. So to combat that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun's harmful radiation.
But those white EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits aren't the only garment in an astronaut's closet. When heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit because that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention, so if there's a malfunction during landing and astronauts have to abandon ship, so to speak, they need to be easy to spot for rescue crews.
That being said, times are changing. Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices. NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard yellow. And in the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars. It will be the longest crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression. That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.
Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/why-are-nasa-spacesuits-white-2019-4
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Why NASA spacesuits are white
What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White, and today's ISS (International Space Station) astronauts have in common? They all wore a white spacesuit. And they’re not alone. Beyond NASA, space programs in countries like Russia and China also use white suits. Not the colors of the Russian flag or China's iconic yellow and red, just white. That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives. NASA didn't always have white spacesuits. Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum of space. And that's the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective. And the best color for that isn't silver, it's white.
Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation. But astronauts in space don't have that natural shield, which makes them vulnerable to blistering temperatures, severe sunburn, and even cancer-causing cell damage. So to combat that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun's harmful radiation.
But those white EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits aren't the only garment in an astronaut's closet. When heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit because that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention, so if there's a malfunction during landing and astronauts have to abandon ship, so to speak, they need to be easy to spot for rescue crews.
That being said, times are changing. Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices. NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard yellow. And in the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars. It will be the longest crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression. That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.
Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/why-are-nasa-spacesuits-white-2019-4
According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I - Silver spacesuits were used in the past.
II - The Earth receives 77 % of the sun’s radiation.
III - When going to or returning from a mission, NASA astronauts wear a vibrant color suit.
IV - At present, there aren’t any other ways of tracking astronauts in rescue.
V - Colorful spacesuits could prevent boredom or depression.Resolução comentada
Análise das alternativas
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