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Texto-base:
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the INCORRECT statement, considering the content of the text.
Directions: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
5 work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
10 slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
15 Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
20 • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
25 society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
30 Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people
35 are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
40 to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
45 • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
50 Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
55 slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
60 Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
65 arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The
Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
70 people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
75 vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
80 race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
85 slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
Mark the INCORRECT statement, considering the content of the text.
Resolução comentada
O texto não diz que donos punem crianças por falta de educação.
A afirmação D não aparece no texto, que diz que o trabalho infantil prejudica a educação, mas não menciona punição pela falta dela. As demais afirmações refletem o texto: punição/ameaça no trabalho forçado, dívidas pagas com trabalho e ameaças de empregadores.
Análise das alternativas
A) Condizente com a definição de forced labour sob ameaça de punição. B) Condizente com debt bondage. C) Condizente com o controle por ameaças dos empregadores. D) Incorreta, por isso é a resposta.
Referência: Texto 'What is modern slavery?'.
Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.