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Managing globalization: if it’s here to stay, what do we know?
Daniel Altman
Two decades have passed since the word “globalization” started showing up with any frequency in discussions of business and economics. At first, the focus was on Western companies trying to compete with cheaper, sometimes better imports from Japan, South Korea, China and other countries. It was a straight fight: the battle lines were drawn along each country’s borders.
Later on, things become more complex. Asian __________ started designing and assembling products in the West. Western companies opened up new fronts by sending jobs abroad - not just in manufacturing but in service industries as well.
At the turn of the millennium, there was a lot of talk about whether globalization was a Good Thing or a Bad Thing. One side argued that it allowed big, multinational corporations to exploit workers in poor countries to pad their profit margins. The other side retorted that the expansion of these corporations into the developing world offered the best hope for raising living standards. One side complained that globalization was creating and destroying industries too quickly for the labor force to adjust. The other side answered that these shifts were rapidly improving the world’s ability to use its resources efficiently. Now, it’s pretty clear that globalization, be it good or bad, is an Unavoidable Thing (...)
Adapted from Sharma, Pete. Reading the News, Thomson ELT, 2007.
Write T for true and F for false, then choose the alternative with the right sequence.
According to the text, globalization
( ) has appeared in discussions involving business and economics for two decades and its a subject that people haven’t decided yet whether it is a good or a bad thing.
( ) was first focused on Western companies that brought cheaper products, better from those imported from Japan, South Korea, China and other countries.
( ) as a good thing, through the expansion of multinational corporations into the developing world, offered the best hope for rising living standards.
( ) at the turn of the millennium, became a more complex subject influenced by Asian and Western companies.
Resolução comentada
Verdadeiro/falso sobre o texto de Altman: globalização como tema em debate há duas décadas.
A 1ª é verdadeira: o texto diz que 'duas décadas' se passaram desde que a palavra passou a aparecer nas discussões de negócios e economia, e que o debate sobre ser algo bom ou ruim existiu. A 3ª é verdadeira: um dos lados defendia que a expansão das corporações para o mundo em desenvolvimento era a melhor esperança de elevar o padrão de vida. A 2ª e a 4ª são falsas. A sequência correta é T-F-T-F.
Análise das alternativas
B, C e D marcam como verdadeira a 2ª (ou a 4ª) e como falsa a 1ª ou a 3ª, o que contraria o texto. A 2ª é falsa porque as empresas ocidentais competiam com importações mais baratas vindas da Ásia, e não eram elas que as traziam. A 4ª é falsa porque a complexidade surgiu 'later on', e não na virada do milênio.
Referência: Altman, D. Managing globalization (in Sharma, Reading the News, Thomson ELT, 2007).
Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.