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Texto-base:
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army of believers.
The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched. Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise. Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other ordeals settled criminal cases.
Few had any learning at all. What education there was back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics. They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors, and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified them. They though it was black magic.
The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?
Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following items.
According to the text, as a consequence of the arrival of the warriors, the vines mentioned in the second paragraph were attacked by a widespread plant disease.
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army of believers.
The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched. Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise. Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other ordeals settled criminal cases.
Few had any learning at all. What education there was back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics. They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors, and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified them. They though it was black magic.
The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?
Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following items.
According to the text, as a consequence of the arrival of the warriors, the vines mentioned in the second paragraph were attacked by a widespread plant disease.
Resolução comentada
As videiras foram destruídas por uma praga de gafanhotos, não por doença vegetal.
O texto diz que a chegada dos guerreiros foi anunciada por uma praga de gafanhotos (plague of locusts) que destruiu as videiras. Assim, a causa foi um enxame de insetos, não uma doença de plantas, e os gafanhotos precederam os guerreiros ("heralded"), não foram consequência da chegada.
Análise das alternativas
Certo: errado, pois não se fala em doença vegetal, e sim em praga de gafanhotos que anunciou a chegada. Errado: correto, pela troca da causa (insetos) e da relação temporal.
Referência: Jonathan Lyons, The House of Wisdom (2009), p. 9, adaptado.
Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.