Questão 4 — Interpretação de Texto (Língua Inglesa) — Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) · Marinha do Brasil 2022

Língua Inglesa Interpretação de Texto

Serviço de Seleção do Pessoal da Marinha (SSPM) 2022 Superior

Marinha do Brasil · Oficial dos Quadros Complementares (QC-CA e QC-FN) — Sistemas de Armas · Caderno Amarela

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Texto-base:
Read the text below and answer questions 3 and 4.

COVID Airborne Transmission v. Monkeypox: Key Differences between viruses

By Aristos Georgiou

More than 1,000 cases of monkeypox have been confirmed around the world in several countries where the disease is not usually found - including the United States - raising questions about how the virus is spreading. But can monkeypox, a rare disease that is usually restricted to parts of Central and West Africa, spread via airborne transmission like the SARS-CoV-2 virus?
Some infectious diseases can spread through airborne transmission via tiny respiratory droplets known as aerosols that can become suspended in the air. These droplets are produced when an individual exhales, sneezes, coughs, talks, or sings, for example. These droplets can contain live viruses or other pathogens that can potentially infect healthy people if they land in the eyes, nose or mouth.
Airborne transmission does not require face-to-face contact, and, in fact, an infected person does not even have to be in the same room as another individual to infect them because the droplets can linger in the air for some time.
Several diseases spread through airborne transmission, including measles and chickenpox. Others, meanwhile, can spread via larger respiratory droplets that do not float in the air as easily and fall to the ground faster.
SARS-CoV-2 spreads through exposure to respiratory fluids containing the infectious virus, and, while it was not clear in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, we now know that this can include aerosols.

(Adapted from https://www.newsweek.com/)

Aerosols are so important for the scientific issues raised in the text because:

Selecione uma alternativa A) being tiny droplets, they always contain viruses, and consequently, spread diseases. B) as they are produced when one sneezes or coughs, for instance, they can become suspended in the air, which potentializes the power of transmission. C) droplets can only infect people when they are suspended in the air. D) they may carry infectious live viruses/pathogens, with a high potential of infection, but only for unhealthy people. E) they cannot spread diseases such as measles and chickenpox.

Resolução comentada

Aerossóis, por serem produzidos ao tossir/espirrar, ficam suspensos no ar, potencializando a transmissão.

O texto diz que aerossóis são gotículas respiratórias minúsculas produzidas ao exalar, espirrar, tossir, falar ou cantar, e que podem ficar suspensas no ar por algum tempo, sem exigir contato face a face. Isso amplia o alcance e o potencial de transmissão, como expressa a alternativa B.

Análise das alternativas

A) Errada: o texto diz que as gotículas 'podem' conter vírus, não que 'sempre' contêm. C) Errada: gotículas podem infectar ao atingir olhos, nariz ou boca, e as maiores caem ao chão, sem ficar suspensas. D) Errada: o texto fala em infectar pessoas saudáveis ('healthy people'), não apenas doentes. E) Errada: sarampo e catapora são citados como doenças de transmissão aérea.

Referência: Texto-base: Newsweek, 'COVID Airborne Transmission v. Monkeypox' (Aristos Georgiou).

Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.