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Bilingual and multilingual education, along with other language education fields, has been strongly influenced by theories from the field of second language acquisition (SLA). A number of authors have challenged longstanding cognitivist orientations of SLA that focus on language as an individual process with the goal of linear progress in acquiring a grammatical system and language proficiency equivalent to that of a “native speaker.”
Two important shifts that have resulted from the “social turn” in SLA research: changing perspectives on language, and changing theoretical positions in SLA. These socially oriented shifts move away from unrealistic deficit-oriented expectations for students such as “native-like proficiency,” error-free production, or becoming balanced bilinguals (i.e., two fully proficient monolinguals in one). Instead, the authors argue for a sociocultural view of SLA as a process “leading to repertoires or linguistic resources termed multi-competence or plurilingualism.” This in turn has the “potential of informing and enriching the design of classroom environments where students would be able to experience multiple ways of using both their home language and English for a variety of academic purposes in both their written and oral forms.”
(WRIGHT, W. E.; BOUN, S.; GARCÍA, O.(eds) The Handbook of bilingual and multilingual education. Oxford: WileyBlackwell. 2017. p. 4. Adaptado)
É o núcleo do objeto na frase do segundo parágrafo “These socially oriented shifts move away from unrealistic deficit-oriented expectations for students such as “native-like proficiency,” error-free production, or becoming balanced bilinguals”:
Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 45 a 48.
Bilingual and multilingual education, along with other language education fields, has been strongly influenced by theories from the field of second language acquisition (SLA). A number of authors have challenged longstanding cognitivist orientations of SLA that focus on language as an individual process with the goal of linear progress in acquiring a grammatical system and language proficiency equivalent to that of a “native speaker.”
Two important shifts that have resulted from the “social turn” in SLA research: changing perspectives on language, and changing theoretical positions in SLA. These socially oriented shifts move away from unrealistic deficit-oriented expectations for students such as “native-like proficiency,” error-free production, or becoming balanced bilinguals (i.e., two fully proficient monolinguals in one). Instead, the authors argue for a sociocultural view of SLA as a process “leading to repertoires or linguistic resources termed multi-competence or plurilingualism.” This in turn has the “potential of informing and enriching the design of classroom environments where students would be able to experience multiple ways of using both their home language and English for a variety of academic purposes in both their written and oral forms.”
(WRIGHT, W. E.; BOUN, S.; GARCÍA, O.(eds) The Handbook of bilingual and multilingual education. Oxford: WileyBlackwell. 2017. p. 4. Adaptado)
É o núcleo do objeto na frase do segundo parágrafo “These socially oriented shifts move away from unrealistic deficit-oriented expectations for students such as “native-like proficiency,” error-free production, or becoming balanced bilinguals”:
Resolução comentada
Núcleo do objeto direto na frase.
Em 'move away from unrealistic deficit-oriented expectations for students...', o objeto da preposição 'from' é o sintagma nominal cujo núcleo é 'expectations'. Os adjetivos 'unrealistic' e 'deficit-oriented' o modificam, e 'for students' é complemento.
Análise das alternativas
A) 'Unrealistic' é modificador. B) 'Deficit-oriented' é modificador. C) É o sintagma todo, não seu núcleo. E) 'Students' é núcleo do sintagma preposicional 'for students'.
Referência: Gramática da língua inglesa – noun phrases
Resolução comentada do VaiConcursos.